Immunostimulatory Activity of Synbiotics Using Lactococcus lactis SG-030 and Glucooligosaccharides from Weissella cibaria YRK005

Abstract

Much attention has been recently paid to the health benefits of synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. In this study, synbiotics were prepared by combining lactic acid bacteria with potential as probiotics and purified glucooligosaccharides, and their immunostimulatory activity was evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. A lactic acid bacteria strain with high antioxidant activity, acid and bile salt tolerance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production was selected as a potential probiotic strain. The selected strain, isolated from forsythia, was identified as Lactococcus lactis SG-030. The purified glucooligosaccharides produced from Weissella cibaria YRK005 were used as prebiotics. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with synbiotics in two ways. One way was a simultaneous treatment with lactic acid bacteria and glucooligosaccharides. The other way was to pre-culture the lactic acid bacteria with glucooligosaccharides followed by treatment with synbiotic culture broth or synbiotic culture supernatant. In both cases, synbiotics synergistically increased NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, synbiotics treatment increased the expression of tissue necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes. Synbiotics also increased the expression of P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Akt proteins. The results confirmed that the synbiotics prepared in this study exhibited synergistic immunostimulatory activity.

Immunostimulatory Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Cell-Free Supernatants through the Activation of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in RAW 264.7 Cells

“…In particular, probiotics interact with dendritic cells, T cells, and B lymphocytes to regulate the innate and adaptive immunity of the host [24,25]. Recently, numerous studies have reported that probiotics can stimulate the immune system by producing cytokines [14,15,26,27]. Therefore, this study aimed to identify functional probiotic candidate strains to improve the immune system through immunostimulatory activity.…”

Biotransformation of Cacumen platycladi Extract by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1348 Promotes Hair Growth in Mice

“…26 Kwon and Park found that the synbiotics prepared by lactic acid bacteria and purified glucooligosaccharides exhibited synergistic immunostimulatory activity. 27 Panax ginseng fermentation broth treated with multienzymecoupled probiotics significantly improves immune function in immunosuppressed mice and restores intestinal flora stability. 28 Synbiotics exert synergistic effects by combining therapeutic potential of probiotic to treat several diseases or disorders.…”

“…Research shows that synbiotics intended to give health benefits to the host by stabilizing and supporting the gut microbiota . Kwon and Park found that the synbiotics prepared by lactic acid bacteria and purified glucooligosaccharides exhibited synergistic immunostimulatory activity Panax ginseng fermentation broth treated with multienzyme-coupled probiotics significantly improves immune function in immunosuppressed mice and restores intestinal flora stability .…”

Synergistic Immunostimulatory Activities of Probiotic Strains, Leuconostoc lactis and Weissella cibaria, and the Prebiotic Oligosaccharides They Produce

“…Nine synbiotics were prepared using three prebiotic oligosaccharides (CCK-, SBC-, and YRK-oligosaccharides) and the corresponding probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains ( L. lactis CCK940, L. lactis SBC001, and W. cibaria YRK005, respectively) producing these oligosaccharides ( Table 1 ). The oligosaccharide concentrations and MOIs of lactic acid bacteria used for treating macrophages were determined based on previous studies and preliminary experiments [ 34 , 35 ]. Macrophages were treated with CCK-oligosaccharides and SBC-oligosaccharides at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL each and with YRK-oligosaccharides at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL.…”

“…In our previous studies, oligosaccharide-producing strains of lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc lactis CCK940, L. lactis SBC001, and Weissella cibaria YRK005 were isolated, and the prebiotic, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of the oligosaccharides produced were investigated [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. It was shown that the oligosaccharides produced by L. lactis CCK940 and W. cibaria YRK005 have immunostimulatory activities, and that those generated by L. lactis SBC001 have anti-inflammatory activities [ 32 , 34 , 35 ].…”