Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model

Park, Sang‐Yong; Kim, Ho-Bin; Kim, Jeong-Hoon; Lee, Joo-Mi; Kim, Sang-Rae; Shin, Heon-Sub; Yi, Tae–Hoo

doi:10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.010

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Korean ginseng contains dammarane-type ginsenosides and a unique saponin found in the Panax genus that is nontoxic and displays antibacterial activity against non-hemolytic bacteria . 32 ginsenosides have been isolated from Korea Red Ginseng (KRG), whereas 22, 13, and 14 ginsenoside species have been isolated from white ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, respectively 26 . The compound panaxan contains 21 species (R 0 , R 1 , R 2 , R a , R b1 , Rb2, Rc 5, Rd 5, Re, Rf 5, RgI, Rg2, Rg3, RgS 5 RhI, Rh2, Rh4, RsI, Rs2, Rs3 5 or R s4 ), and its principal sugar components include glucose, arabinose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose 27 .…”

Section: The Major Component Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective roles of ginseng against bacterial infection

Kim

Yang

2018

Microb Cell

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Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that plays a protective role against microbial attack. Several studies have revealed its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects. Ginseng contains several components that vary according to the year of cultivation and the processing method used, such as heating, drying, and steaming, which induce different degrees of pharmacological activities. This review discusses the antibacterial effects of ginseng against pathogenic bacterial infections. We describe how ginseng regulates pathogenic factors that are harmful to the host and discuss the therapeutic potential of ginseng as a natural antibacterial drug to combat bacterial infectious disease, which is a global public health challenge. The components of ginseng could be novel alternatives to solve the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and toxicity.

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Section: The Major Component Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective roles of ginseng against bacterial infection

Kim

Yang

2018

Microb Cell

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“…Also, WGOS increased NO production secreted by the macrophage [16] . Consistently, production of NO and TNF-α was induced by Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) [17] in RAW 264.7 cells. In a lung tumor murine model, ginsenoside Rg3-fortified red ginseng (Rg3-RGP) induced production of NO from peritoneal macrophages in vivo [18] , thus Rg3-RGP reduced tumor size and improved the clinical outcome in cancer mouse models.…”

Section: P Ginseng Potentiates Macrophage Functions Against Cancer Dmentioning

confidence: 73%

Panax ginseng as a potential modulator of macrophages

Nguyen¹,

Rhee

2016

Macrophage

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Bacteria-induced sepsis is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention; the key to prevent sepsis is to prevent an infection from occurring in the first place. Although Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) has been well known as an immune modulator, its role in bacterial sepsis is not well understood. Using RAW 264.7 macrophages and a murine model, we elucidated the protective effect of P. ginseng against community-associated Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)-induced sepsis via inhibition of inflammation. In pneumococcal infections, pre-treatment with P. ginseng decreased the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but increased the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT kinase, thereby enhancing cellular viability. Furthermore, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-ɑ and interleukin (IL)-1β) as well as neutrophil infiltration was diminished by pre-treatment with P. ginseng. As a result, mice pre-treated with P. ginseng demonstrated significantly higher survival rate and body weight gain than the non-treated mice (control). Treated mice showed diminished colonization of bacteria and morbidity. In addition, some studies have indicated that P. ginseng or ginseng compounds activated macrophage functions, which supports the immune system against cancer and other diseases. In the present study, we will discuss dual roles of P. ginseng in modulating macrophage functions.

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“…NF-κB is a major transcription factor for the expression of innate and adaptive immunity-associated genes (26). In Korea, red ginseng has been known to improve immunity and increase the levels of TNF-α and NO in RAW264.7 cells (27). In the present study, BS and NaSH increased the levels of TNF-α and activation of NF-kB, suggesting that BS and NaSH increased the levels of TNF-α via the activation of NF-κB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bamboo salt and its component, hydrogen sulfide, on enhancing immunity

Kim

Nam

Ryu

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Korean bamboo salt (BS) is known to have therapeutic effects in the treatment of diseases, including viral disease, dental plaque, diabetes, circulatory organ disorders, cancer and inflammatory disorders. However, the effect of BS on immune functions remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to determine the immune‑enhancing effect of BS and its component, hydrogen sulfide, using RAW264.7 macrophages and a forced swimming test (FST) animal model. BS and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH), a hydrogen sulfide donor, significantly increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α through the activation of nuclear factor‑κB in the RAW 264.7 cells. In an in vivo experiment, BS and NaSH were administered orally once a day for 28 days. After the 28 days, the immobility times in the FST were significantly decreased in the BS and NaSH‑fed groups, compared with the control group. In addition, BS and NaSH induced significant increases in the levels of interferon‑γ, interleukin‑2 and TNF‑α, compared with the control group. Taken together, these results indicated that BS and NaSH may improve immune function.

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Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Protective roles of ginseng against bacterial infection

Protective roles of ginseng against bacterial infection

Panax ginseng as a potential modulator of macrophages

Effects of bamboo salt and its component, hydrogen sulfide, on enhancing immunity

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