“…Bifidobacterium plays a significant role in the fermentation of dietary fibers and carbohydrates, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These SCFAs offer various health benefits, including serving as an energy source for colonocytes, promoting gastrointestinal health, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties (Kim et al, 2022). Bifidobacterium, as a type of lactic acid bacteria, generates lactic acid as a metabolic byproduct, which contributes to the maintenance of an acidic gut environment, thereby restraining the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms (de Souza Oliveira et al, 2012;Pokusaeva et al, 2011).…”