Immunosuppression and Allograft Rejection Following Lung Transplantation: Evidence to Date

Snell, Gregory I; Westall, Glen P.; Paraskeva, Miranda

doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0136-x

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders (1)(2)(3). Activation of T lymphocytes requires stimulation of T-cell receptors and costimulatory signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‑inflammatory effects of water extract from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) leaves in vitro

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Fruits and vegetables have been recognized as natural sources of various bioactive compounds. Peppers, one such natural source, are consumed worldwide as spice crops. They additionally have an important role in traditional medicine, as a result of their antioxidant bioactivity via radical scavenging. However, there are no reports regarding the bioactivity of the bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum), a commonly used edible vegetable. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of water extract from bell pepper leaves on mouse spleen cells, and explore the potential mechanism underlying this effect. The extract was prepared through homogenization of bell pepper leaves in deionized water. The sterilized supernatant was added to a mouse spleen cell culture stimulated by concanavalin A. Following 72 h of culture, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatant were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system, and levels of inflammatory proteins were assessed using western blotting. The bell pepper leaf extract significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine production, inhibited cell proliferation without producing cytotoxicity, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory proteins. These results suggest that components of the bell pepper leaf extract possess anti-inflammatory activity. The study of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of bell pepper leaf extract has provided useful information on its potential for therapeutic application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‑inflammatory effects of water extract from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) leaves in vitro

et al. 2017

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“…27,28 All LTx recipients received standard triple immunosuppression with tacrolimus, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. 20 All patients received prophylactic antibiotics based on known or suspected donor and recipient microbiology results. All patients at high risk of CMV reactivation (either donor- or recipient-positive CMV serostatus) received prophylaxis with 2 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir and then oral valganciclovir for a minimum of 5 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activin Biology After Lung Transplantation

Westall

Snell

Loskot

et al. 2017

Transplantation Direct

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BackgroundActivins A and B, members of the TGF-β superfamily, are produced as part of the physiological response to tissue damage and the resulting proinflammatory response. Given that lung allograft reperfusion results in an inflammatory response, it is likely that the activins and their binding protein follistatin will form part of the regulatory response. There is a need to document the response of these proteins to allograft reperfusion to determine if there is a role for the use of follistatin to control the biological actions of the activins because some of these are potentially damaging.MethodsSerum from 48 consecutive patients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx) was collected at 2, 6, 12, and 26 weeks post-LTx. The serum levels of activin A and B and follistatin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specific radioimmunoassays and compared with clinical events.ResultsSerum activin A and B levels were at the upper limit of the normal ranges at 2 weeks post-LTx decreasing thereafter to 12 weeks post-LTx (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum follistatin levels were unchanged between 2 and 12 weeks, with a late significant increase at 24 week post-LTx (P < 0.01). Patients with primary graft dysfunction had lower serum follistatin levels (7.7 vs 9.5 ng/mL; P = 0.04) and a higher activin A/follistatin ratio (13.1 vs 10.4; P = 0.02) at 2 weeks post-LTx.ConclusionsActivin and follistatin levels vary with time form LTX and reflect a proinflammatory environment. Future studies will elucidate associations with chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of exogenous follistatin administration.

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“…In the early years of lung transplantation, it was recognized that there were several syndromes of acute and chronic lung dysfunction associated with the pathology of allo‐rejection . In recent times, the purity of these entities are being challenged and further subgroups are emerging that have important prognostic and therapeutic differences (Fig. ).…”

Section: Basic Concepts—the Relevance Of Lung Physiology To a Lung Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung transplantation in adults and children: Putting lung function into perspective

et al. 2014

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The number of lung transplants performed globally continues to increase year after year. Despite this growing experience, long-term outcomes following lung transplantation continue to fall far short of that described in other solid-organ transplant settings. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains common and is the end result of exposure to a multitude of potentially injurious insults that include alloreactivity and infection among others. Central to any description of the clinical performance of the transplanted lung is an assessment of its physiology by pulmonary function testing. Spirometry and the evaluation of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity, remain core indices that are measured as part of routine clinical follow-up. Spirometry, while reproducible in detecting lung allograft dysfunction, lacks specificity in differentiating the different complications of lung transplantation such as rejection, infection and bronchiolitis obliterans. However, interpretation of spirometry is central to defining the different 'chronic rejection' phenotypes. It is becoming

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Immunosuppression and Allograft Rejection Following Lung Transplantation: Evidence to Date

Cited by 45 publications

References 221 publications

Anti‑inflammatory effects of water extract from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) leaves in vitro

Anti‑inflammatory effects of water extract from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) leaves in vitro

Activin Biology After Lung Transplantation

Lung transplantation in adults and children: Putting lung function into perspective

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