Immunosuppression by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Other Selected Herpesviruses

Babiuk, Lorne A.; Lawman, M. J. P.; Griebel, Philip

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5583-0_8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In cetaceans, herpesvirus has been associated with skin lesions [ 4 – 7 ], genital lesions [ 7 – 11 ], nephritis [ 12 ], encephalitis [ 13 – 15 ], disseminated infections [ 16 – 18 ], though infection can also occur in the absence of lesions [ 19 ]. Moreover, herpesvirus can cause immunosuppression in cetaceans [ 17 ], other animal species [ 20 , 21 ] and humans [ 22 ]. Stresses on infected animals, as well as immunosuppression due to non-herpesviral cause, can cause latent herpesvirus to switch to an actively replicating state [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular determination of herpesvirus from two mysticete species stranded in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHerpesvirus can infect a wide range of animal species: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians and bivalves. In marine mammals, several alpha- and gammaherpesvirus have been identified in some cetaceans and pinnipeds species. To date, however, this virus has not been detected in any member of the Balaenoptera genus.Case presentationHerpesvirus was determined by molecular methods in tissue samples from a male fin whale juvenile (Balaenoptera physalus) and a female common minke whale calf (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) stranded on the Mediterranean coast of the Region of Valencia (Spain). Samples of skin and penile mucosa from the fin whale and samples of skin, muscle and central nervous system tissue from the common minke whale tested positive for herpesvirus based on sequences of the DNA polymerase gene. Sequences from fin whale were identical and belonged to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Only members of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily were amplified from the common minke whale, and sequences from the muscle and central nervous system were identical. Sequences in GenBank most closely related to these novel sequences were viruses isolated from other cetacean species, consistent with previous observations that herpesviruses show similar phylogenetic branching as their hosts.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first molecular determination of herpesvirus in the Balaenoptera genus. It shows that herpesvirus should be included in virological evaluation of these animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular determination of herpesvirus from two mysticete species stranded in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2015

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“…However, many such vaccines are inadequate for reasons of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Live-attenuated vaccine viruses may be immunosuppressive (4,10) or cause clinical disease if not attenuated sufficiently (15) or, alternatively, if attenuated to the extent that their ability to generate immunity is limited (13). A major concern regarding the use of live vaccines is the possibility, however remote, of reversion to a more virulent, potentially disease-causing phenotype (17,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bovine herpesvirus 1: immune responses in mice and cattle injected with plasmid DNA

Cox

Zamb

Babiuk

1993

J Virol

319

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Mice and cattle injected with plasmids encoding bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) glycoproteins developed gene-specific antibody responses capable of neutralizing BHV-1. The ability of animals to respond serologically to DNA injections was in part dependent on the quantity of DNA injected and was also negatively affected by carrier DNA. Calves injected with a plasmid encoding BHV-1 gIV developed significant antibody titers to gIV and shed less virus than did the control calf after challenge. This report indicates the potential of DNA injection as a method of vaccination.

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“…In a similar case, periductal fibrosis with lymphoplasmacytic pericholangitis associated with a severe parasitic infection in an HV-positive liver sample obtained from a Blainville's beaked whale was also described [30]. The role of HV as an immunosuppressive agent [12,35,37] in concomitant infections has yet to be elucidated in this location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, HV DNA has also been reported in cetaceans in the absence of any lesions [21,23,24,30,33,34]. Moreover, HV can cause immunosuppression in cetaceans [12] and in several other animal species [35][36][37], including humans [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Determination of Herpesvirus in Free-Ranging Cetaceans Stranded in the Western Mediterranean: Tissue Tropism and Associated Lesions

Vargas-Castro

Melero

Crespo-Picazo

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The monitoring of herpesvirus infection provides useful information when assessing marine mammals’ health. This paper shows the prevalence of herpesvirus infection (80.85%) in 47 cetaceans stranded on the coast of the Valencian Community, Spain. Of the 966 tissues evaluated, 121 tested positive when employing nested-PCR (12.53%). The largest proportion of herpesvirus-positive tissue samples was in the reproductive system, nervous system, and tegument. Herpesvirus was more prevalent in females, juveniles, and calves. More than half the DNA PCR positive tissues contained herpesvirus RNA, indicating the presence of actively replicating virus. This RNA was most frequently found in neonates. Fourteen unique sequences were identified. Most amplified sequences belonged to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, but a greater variation was found in Alphaherpesvirinae sequences. This is the first report of systematic herpesvirus DNA and RNA determination in free-ranging cetaceans. Nine (19.14%) were infected with cetacean morbillivirus and all of them (100%) were coinfected with herpesvirus. Lesions similar to those caused by herpesvirus in other species were observed, mainly in the skin, upper digestive tract, genitalia, and central nervous system. Other lesions were also attributable to concomitant etiologies or were nonspecific. It is necessary to investigate the possible role of herpesvirus infection in those cases.

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Immunosuppression by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Other Selected Herpesviruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

First molecular determination of herpesvirus from two mysticete species stranded in the Mediterranean Sea

First molecular determination of herpesvirus from two mysticete species stranded in the Mediterranean Sea

Bovine herpesvirus 1: immune responses in mice and cattle injected with plasmid DNA

Systematic Determination of Herpesvirus in Free-Ranging Cetaceans Stranded in the Western Mediterranean: Tissue Tropism and Associated Lesions

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