Immunosuppression following dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure: a review of the existing evidence

Mohsenzadeh, Mahdieh Sadat; Hedayati, Narges; Riahi-Zanjani, Bamdad; Karimi, Gholamreza

doi:10.1080/15569543.2016.1209523

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Increased frequency and severity, and prolonged healing of infectious diseases, in addition to decreased vaccination efficacies provided evidence that aflatoxins disrupt both innate and acquired/adaptive immunity [103][104][105][106][107]. The general mechanisms of AFB1 immunotoxicity via AFBO is presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen from this figure that AFBO interacts with immunocompetent cells throughout the body to affect their proliferation and/or production of immune response mediators, thereby disrupting the innate and adaptive immunity. Although most studies to illustrate these mechanisms have been carried out on animals, the immunotoxicity of AFB1 has also been substantiated in vitro on human cell lines and in case-control studies in highly exposed regions, e.g., Ghana [105,[108][109][110]. However, few studies to our knowledge have investigated the immunotoxicity of aflatoxins other than AFB1 or its combination with other mycotoxins [111][112][113][114].…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Benkerroum

2020

IJERPH

350

214

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There are presently more than 18 known aflatoxins most of which have been insufficiently studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective intervention and control means that would significantly and sustainably reduce their incidence and adverse effects on health and economy. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been by far the most studied; yet, many aspects of the range and mechanisms of the diseases it causes remain to be elucidated. Its mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and carcinogenicity—which are the best known—still suffer from limitations regarding the relative contribution of the oxidative stress and the reactive epoxide derivative (Aflatoxin-exo 8,9-epoxide) in the induction of the diseases, as well as its metabolic and synthesis pathways. Additionally, despite the well-established additive effects for carcinogenicity between AFB1 and other risk factors, e.g., hepatitis viruses B and C, and the hepatotoxic algal microcystins, the mechanisms of this synergy remain unclear. This study reviews the most recent advances in the field of the mechanisms of toxicity of aflatoxins and the adverse health effects that they cause in humans and animals.

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Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Benkerroum

2020

IJERPH

350

214

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that AFB 1 suppressed cell‐mediated responses by affecting the functions of T or B lymphocytes and inhibiting their proliferation. AFB 1 also inhibited functions of natural killer cells numbers of macrophages and their functions such as phagocytic activity were suppressed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…AFB 1 also inhibited functions of natural killer cells numbers of macrophages and their functions such as phagocytic activity were suppressed. 17 Although, to date, there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies of immunomodulatory effects of AFB 1 , there have been no comprehensive study of immunotoxicity of AFM 1 . 18 The results of in vitro studies have shown that AFM 1 inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M₁: as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study

et al. 2018

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“…Mycotoxins are stable compounds that cannot be degraded by any ordinary cooking temperature or food processing procedures (7,8). Mycotoxins, when ingested, are a problem to both human and livestock health; causing acute illness, chronic illness, instant death or immunosuppression among others (9). In most cases the effects of mycotoxins are manifested much later after exposure (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus isolated from groundnuts in selected agro-ecological zones of Uganda

Acur¹,

Arias

Odongo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Aspergillus is the main fungal genus causing pre- and post-harvest contamination of groundnuts. Aspergillus flavus belongs to section Flavi, a group consisting of both the aflatoxigenic species (A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius) and non-aflatoxigenic species (A. oryzae, A. sojae and A. tamarii). Aflatoxins are food-borne toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, causing hepatic carcinoma and stunting in children and are the most toxic carcinogenic mycotoxins ever identified. Despite the well-known public health problems associated with aflatoxicosis in Uganda, information about the genetic diversity of the main aflatoxin causing fungus, Aspergillus flavus in this country is still limited. Results A cross-sectional survey was therefore carried out in three main groundnut-growing agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Uganda; West Nile farming system, Lake Kyoga basin mixed farming system and Lake Victoria basin farming system. This was to assess the genetic diversity of A. flavus and to establish the contamination rates of groundnuts with Aspergillus species at pre- and post-harvest stages. Out of the 213 A. flavus isolates identified in this study, 96 representative isolates were fingerprinted using 16 insertion/deletion microsatellite markers. Data from fingerprinting were analyzed through Neighbor Joining while polymorphism was determined using Arlequin v 3.5. The pre- and post-harvest contamination rates were; 2.5% and 50.0% (West Nile farming system), 55.0% and 35.0% (Lake Kyoga basin mixed farming system) and 32.5% and 32.5% (Lake Victoria basin farming system) respectively. The Chi-square test showed no significant differences between pre- and post-harvest contamination rates among AEZs (p = 0.199). Only 67 out of 96 isolates produced suitable allele scores for genotypic analysis. Analysis of genetic diversity showed higher variation within populations than among populations. Two major clusters (aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates) were identified as colonizing groundnuts at pre- and post-harvest stages. Conclusions These findings provide a first insight on the existence of non-aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus in Uganda. These strains are potential candidates for developing local Aspergillus bio-control agent.

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Immunosuppression following dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure: a review of the existing evidence

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M₁: as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study

Genetic diversity of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus isolated from groundnuts in selected agro-ecological zones of Uganda

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Immunosuppression following dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure: a review of the existing evidence

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M1: as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study

Genetic diversity of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus isolated from groundnuts in selected agro-ecological zones of Uganda

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Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M₁: as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study