1992
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60827-1
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Immunosuppressive Factors in Human Cancer

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Cited by 120 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…It is a long established principle that most tumors escape immune surveillance by secreting immunosuppressive molecules. 28 Primary among these is TGF-b, which is produced by cancers of different histologic origins.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is a long established principle that most tumors escape immune surveillance by secreting immunosuppressive molecules. 28 Primary among these is TGF-b, which is produced by cancers of different histologic origins.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this way, PGE-2 production by NSCLC has been defined as one mechanism whereby tumor cells escape immune destruction. [22][23][24][25][26] COX-2 overexpression is also seen in association with oncogenic ras expression and aberrantly expressed signaling cascades, making this protein a marker for the malignant phenotype. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In this context, the current paper describes biologically and therapeutically relevant changes seen in NSCLC tumor cells following ⌬E1, ⌬E3, Ad5 vector infection.…”
Section: Figure 2 Pge-2 Production After Adgfp Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Additionally, the immunosuppressive effects of PGE-2 induced following Ad vector infection may be specifically counterproductive to gene-based immunotherapy for cancer. 15,16,[22][23][24][25][26] Thus awareness of Ad vector effects on infected tumor cells is relevant and may impact on decisions regarding targets for cancer gene therapy, such as immune modulating strategies, and/or choice of vectors used (⌬E1, ⌬E3 versus ⌬E1, ⌬E4 or gutless vectors).…”
Section: Figure 2 Pge-2 Production After Adgfp Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10,11 Malignant cells possess several strategies to evade immune surveillance such as (i) low level expression of target antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, 12 (ii) decrease or loss of HLA (human leukocyte antigen) Class I or Class II molecule expression, which is required for antigen presentation 13,14 and (iii) suppression of immune cell function by secreting factors such as transforming growth factor-b. 15 Interestingly, tumor cells have developed another strategy (the Fas-counter-attack), 16 whereby loss of Fas expression or function and aberrant expression of FasL by tumor cells may contribute to the evasion of host immune surveillance by triggering apoptosis of tumor-specific T lymphocytes. 17,18 The loss or downregulation of Fas expression leading to Fasmediated apoptosis resistance has been reported in a variety of malignancies including cancers from: lung, 19,20 colon, 21 kidney, 22 breast, 23 liver, 24 esophagus, 25 thyroid, 26 bone 27 and skin.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%