Immunotherapy against murine experimental visceral leishmaniasis with the FML-vaccine

Vaccine candidates for leishmaniasis: A review

“…The antigen was found to be present on the surface of the parasite throughout the life cycle and strongly inhibited the in vitro internalization of macrophages by both promastigotes and amastigotes of various species of Leishmania [96,152]. The prophylactic potential of FML vaccine was tested along with saponin or aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant and observed significant protection along with enhanced production of IgG subtypes in inbred BALB/c mice [153,154], in outbred Swiss albino mice [155,156] and hamsters [157] against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Furthermore, vaccination of outbred mice with FML antigen in combination with different adjuvants like Riedel de Haen (R), saponin forms QuilA and QS21, IL-12 or BCG showed that only FMLsaponin but not FML-BCG and FML-IL-12 vaccines promoted significant, specific and strong protective effects against murine visceral leishmaniasis [158], while the acylated (QS21) and deacylsaponin fractions are the most active component of Riedel de Haen saponin mixture that induce increased DTH responses, CD4 + T cells in spleen, in vitro IFN-γ production and the most pronounced reduction of parasite burden in liver [159].…”

Parasites and immunotherapy: with or against?

“…The delayed type of hypersensitivity response against promastigote lysate (DTH) and the in vitro proliferative response of ganglion cells against FML antigen also occurs. Also, decline in liver parasitic load reported in 94.7 % of FML-vaccine treated mice (Santos et al 2003).…”

“…Upregulation of Th1 profile and also the absence of Th2 response is responsible factor for being resistance to Leishmania infection (Barral-Netto et al 1995;Holaday et al 1991;Verwaerde et al 1999). Immunotherapy is an effective, safe and inexpensive method for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis of man and visceral leishmaniasis in animals (Borja- Cabrera et al 2004;Cabrera et al 2000;Convit et al 1987Convit et al , 1989Santos et al 2003).…”

In vitro effect of new formulations of amphotericin B on amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum

“…In addition, infection levels are probably higher since most asymptomatic canine infections are undiagnosed in endemic areas [6]. Despite the results obtained with some antigens [7], vaccination is not yet available and vector control is difficult. Chemotherapy is therefore currently the main approach to limit disease extension.…”