Immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma: Metastatic disease and beyond

Poon, Darren M.C.

doi:10.1111/ajco.13312

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Combination treatments are being explored for different stages of bladder cancer. Phase 2 CheckMate 9UT is currently enrolling patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, who will be treated with nivolumab ± the IDO-1 inhibitor BMS986205 ± intravesical BCG [27]. We believe that our BCOC can help in screening the combined effects of BCG and ICI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Bladder Cancer-on-a-Chip with a Microfluidic System Using Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Kim

Lee

Kang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Immunotherapy of bladder cancer is known to have favorable effects, although it is difficult to determine which patients will show a good response because of the different tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, we developed a bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) to mimic the TME using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidic technology. We fabricated a T24 and a 5637-cell line-based BCOC that also incorporated MRC-5, HUVEC, and THP-1 cells. We evaluated the effects of TME and assessed the immunologic reactions in response to different concentrations of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) via live/dead assay and THP-1 monocytic migration, and concentrations of growth factors and cytokines. The results show that cell viability was maintained at 15% filling density in circle-shaped cell constructs at 20 μL/min microfluidic flow rate. A 3D co-culture increased the proliferation of BCOCs. We found that the appropriate time to evaluate the viability of BCOC, concentration of cytokines, and migration of monocytes was 6 h, 24 h, and three days after BGC treatment. Lastly, the immunotherapeutic effects of BCOC increased according to BCG dosage. To predict effects of immunotherapeutic agent in bladder cancer, we constructed a 3D bioprinted BCOC model. The BCOC was validated with BCG, which has been proven to be effective in the immunotherapy of bladder cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Bladder Cancer-on-a-Chip with a Microfluidic System Using Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Kim

Lee

Kang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Importantly, such an immune system is closely associated with malignant potential and outcome of BC cells [ 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. Additionally, immune therapy is currently recognized as a major treatment in patients with BC [ 115 , 116 ]. Based on these facts, fucoidan may enhance the anti-cancer effects of immune therapy as an immunomodulator in BC.…”

Section: Issues Worth Considering and Future Direction Of Fucoidanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status, Limitations and Future Directions of Treatment Strategies Using Fucoidan-Based Therapies in Bladder Cancer

Miyata

Matsuo

Ohba

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological cancer, with poor prognosis for advanced/metastatic stages. Various intensive treatments, including radical cystectomy, chemotherapy, immune therapy, and radiotherapy are commonly used for these patients. However, these treatments often cause complications and adverse events. Therefore, researchers are exploring the efficacy of natural product-based treatment strategies in BC patients. Fucoidan, derived from marine brown algae, is recognized as a multi-functional and safe substrate, and has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various types of malignancies. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies have reported the protective effects of fucoidan against cancer-related cachexia and chemotherapeutic agent-induced adverse events. In this review, we have introduced the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan extracts in BC and highlighted its molecular mechanisms. We have also shown the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and new treatment strategies using fucoidan-based nanoparticles in various malignancies. Moreover, apart from the improvement of anti-cancer effects by fucoidan, its protective effects against cancer-related disorders and cisplatin-induced toxicities have been introduced. However, the available information is insufficient to conclude the clinical usefulness of fucoidan-based treatments in BC patients. Therefore, we have indicated the aspects that need to be considered regarding fucoidan-based treatments and future directions for the treatment of BC.

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Immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma: Metastatic disease and beyond

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Establishment of Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Bladder Cancer-on-a-Chip with a Microfluidic System Using Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Establishment of Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Bladder Cancer-on-a-Chip with a Microfluidic System Using Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Present Status, Limitations and Future Directions of Treatment Strategies Using Fucoidan-Based Therapies in Bladder Cancer

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