Immunotherapy in Veterinary Oncology

Bergman, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.05.002

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The immune system actively attempts to prevent the development of tumors, a process known as ‘cancer immunosurveillance’ [ 76 ]. Its ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells forms the fundamental rationale behind immunotherapy [ 77 ], with the focus of the various immunotherapy strategies available being either to stimulate an antitumoral immune response or to minimize the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment [ 78 ].…”

Section: Treatment Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Canine Oral Melanomas: A Critical Review of the Literature

Pazzi

Steenkamp

Rixon

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Critical appraisal of the available literature for the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is lacking. This critical review aimed to evaluate the current literature and provide treatment recommendations and possible suggestions for future canine OMM research. PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched in June 2021, for terms relevant to treatment of OMM. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and information on clinical response and outcome extracted. Eighty-one studies were included. The overall level of evidence supporting the various canine OMM treatment options was low. The majority of studies included confounding treatment modalities and lacked randomization, control groups and consistency in reporting clinical response and outcomes. Within these limitations, surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. Adjunctive radiotherapy provided good local control and improved median survival times (MST), chemotherapy did not offer survival benefit beyond that of surgery, while electrochemotherapy may offer a potential alternative to radiotherapy. Immunotherapy holds the most promise in extending MST in the surgical adjunctive setting, in particular the combination of gene therapy and autologous vaccination. Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trials, with a lack of confounding factors and reporting based on established guidelines would allow comparison and recommendations for the treatment of canine OMM.

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Section: Treatment Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Canine Oral Melanomas: A Critical Review of the Literature

Pazzi

Steenkamp

Rixon

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…These include but are not limited to whole cell, dendritic cell, and DNA vaccines that have been extensively reviewed elsewhere [ 32 , 97 ]. A recombinant DNA vaccine expressing human tyrosinase, intended for the adjunct treatment of stage II and III canine oral melanoma after loco-regional control [ 99 ], induced a cross-reacting humoral response that recognized recombinant human tyrosinase. Oncept™, a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-approved cancer vaccine in veterinary medicine, produced meaningful clinical responses and marked prolongation of survival in dogs with metastases in initial studies [ 100 , 101 , 102 ].…”

Section: Canine Mucosal Melanoma As a Preclinical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Canine Melanoma as a Predictive Comparative Oncology Model for Human Mucosal and Other Triple Wild-Type Melanomas

Hernández

Adissu

Wei

et al. 2018

IJMS

110

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Melanoma remains mostly an untreatable fatal disease despite advances in decoding cancer genomics and developing new therapeutic modalities. Progress in patient care would benefit from additional predictive models germane for human disease mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic responses. Toward this aim, this review documents comparative aspects of human and naturally occurring canine melanomas. Clinical presentation, pathology, therapies, and genetic alterations are highlighted in the context of current basic and translational research in comparative oncology. Somewhat distinct from sun exposure-related human cutaneous melanomas, there is growing evidence that a variety of gene copy number alterations and protein structure/function mutations play roles in canine melanomas, in circumstances more analogous to human mucosal melanomas and to some extent other melanomas with murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog (NRAS), and neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor NF1 triple wild-type genotype. Gaps in canine genome annotation, as well as an insufficient number and depth of sequences covered, remain considerable barriers to progress and should be collectively addressed. Preclinical approaches can be designed to include canine clinical trials addressing immune modulation as well as combined-targeted inhibition of Rat Sarcoma Superfamily/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) and/or Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal transduction, pathways frequently activated in both human and canine melanomas. Future investment should be aimed towards improving understanding of canine melanoma as a predictive preclinical surrogate for human melanoma and for mutually benefiting these uniquely co-dependent species.

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“…The influence of the immune system on the evolution of tumor growth has been evidenced in multiple reports [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Several cells present immunosurveillance functions, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, which detect and control cancerous cells in development, or dendritic cells, which activate CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism controls tumor progression when mutations in tumoral cells facilitate tumor growth and further promote their dissemination, evading the immune mechanisms activated in the patient [ 12 , 13 , 15 ]. These processes that facilitate tumor spread have been demonstrated in canine and human tumors, suggesting a new therapeutic route to treat cancer [ 11 , 13 ]. The ability of the immune system to recognize tumors has made it a field of interest for developing new therapeutic approaches in oncology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of an Oncolytic Adenovirus as an Immunotherapy for Canine Cancer Patients

Martín-Carrasco

Delgado-Bonet

Tomeo-Martín

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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The use of oncolytic viruses is an innovative approach to lyse tumor cells and induce antitumor immune responses. Eight dogs diagnosed with carcinoma/adenocarcinoma were intratumorally treated with ICOCAV15, an oncolytic canine adenovirus (CAV). To evaluate the treatment’s safety, a blood count, biochemistry, and coagulation test were performed before treatment and during follow-up. Immune populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Anti-adenovirus antibodies were also determined. The immune infiltration, vascularization, and viral presence in the tumor were determined by CD3, CD4, CD20, CD31 and CAV by immunohistochemistry. All the dogs maintained a good quality of life during follow-up, and some had increased median survival time when compared with dogs treated with chemotherapy. No treatment-related adverse effects were detected. The Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria were also assessed: two patients showed a partial response and the rest showed stable disease at various times during the study. ICOCAV15 was detected inside the tumor during follow-up, and antiviral antibodies were detected in all patients. Furthermore, the tumor-infiltrating immune cells increased after viral administration. Therefore, we suggest that intratumorally administered ICOCAV15 could represent as a new tool for the treatment of canine carcinoma because it is safe, well-tolerated by dogs, and shows promising results.

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Immunotherapy in Veterinary Oncology

Cited by 8 publications

References 113 publications

Treatment of Canine Oral Melanomas: A Critical Review of the Literature

Treatment of Canine Oral Melanomas: A Critical Review of the Literature

Naturally Occurring Canine Melanoma as a Predictive Comparative Oncology Model for Human Mucosal and Other Triple Wild-Type Melanomas

Safety and Efficacy of an Oncolytic Adenovirus as an Immunotherapy for Canine Cancer Patients

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