Immunotherapy: New Options in Gastrointestinal Cancers?

Tannapfel, Andrea; Reinacher‐Schick, Anke; Hacker, Ulrich; Lorenzen, Sylvie; Möhler, Markus; Vogel, Arndt

doi:10.1159/000497293

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) pathway are the most well-known immunological checkpoint pathways, and their inhibitors, therefore, are the most widely used. To date, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, a series of immunological checkpoint inhibitors have been approved in various gastrointestinal tumors such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all patients can benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 antibodies can significantly improve the objective response rate (ORR) and long-term survival of patients, some patients do not respond to these treatments [ 2 ]. After patients respond to immunotherapy, their therapeutic effects usually seem to be durable, and their long-term survival outcomes are often significantly better than those of non-responders [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Emerging Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Liao

Cai

et al. 2021

Med Sci Monit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy has made a tremendous improvement in the treatment of malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract, especially for those with metastatic or recurrent lesions. However, while some patients benefit from ICI, others do not. In fact, predictive biomarkers can play a crucial role in screening patients who may benefit from a selected or targeted treatment, including immunotherapies such as programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors. A variety of techniques can be used to detect and quantify tumor biomarkers, each of which has a specific clinical application scenario and limitations. Cancer biomarkers in the gastrointestinal system involve an extremely complex network that requires careful interpretation and analysis. Different prognostic or predictive biomarkers are playing important roles in various tumor types, stages, and pathology/molecular subgroups, sometimes overlapping. Expression levels of biomarkers vary between different tumor types and even between the different lesions in the same tumor, depending on the heterogeneity of the patient, the tumor types, and the techniques of detection. The present systematic review comprehensively summarizes the potential biomarkers of immunotherapy, such as PD-1/PD-L1, total mutation burden (TMB), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in various gastrointestinal tumors, including tumors of the colon, stomach, esophagus, liver, and pancreas, to assist future application of immunotherapy and patient selection in clinical practice.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%