Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids—From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines

Jindra, Christoph; Hainisch, Edmund K.; Brandt, Sabine

doi:10.3390/vaccines11040769

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 103 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since it does not spread to internal organs, affected horses can live perfectly normal lives, and with successful treatment, they can continue to work or be trained. The formation of sarcoid is also recognized as one of the major long-term complications during wound healing in horses (Hanson, 2008;Christen et al, 2014;Semik-Gurgul, 2021;Jindra et al, 2023). The authors speculate that on one hand in genetically predisposed healthy horses, BPV-1/BPV2 may be responsible for abnormal fibroblast proliferation, and on the other hand, it might lead to changes in the dynamics of the extracellular matrix and its key components (such as collagen).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and immunohistochemical changes in equine sarcoids

Portenko,

Shchebentovska,

Blishch

2023

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article presents the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of three types of equine skin neoplasms, classified as type 2 fibroblastic sarcoid based on their morphological features. The tumours were localized in the abdominal area, macroscopically presented as dense, fleshy formations without a stalk, yet with small ulcers on the surface. Infection of horses could have occurred through direct or indirect contact with other infected horses and cattle, as well as through insects. Histological examination of the sarcoid established that the epidermis was in a state of hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, with the formation of numerous projections that penetrated deeply into the dermis. The boundaries between the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis were not visualized; the defining feature was the chaotic spindle-shaped fibroblasts that formed a significant number of dense whirl-like structures, or moire patterns, which encircled vessels of a varying caliber. The cell nuclei were predominantly round-shaped and hyperchromatic. Present were both typical and atypical mitotic figures. Replacement of loose connective tissue with collagen fibers was observed intradermally. Upon studying the morphological structure of the sarcoid on semi-thin sections, significant vascularization was observed. Spindle-shaped fibrocytes with branched processes and elongated nuclei were located around vessels of varying sizes, exhibiting well-differentiated single or double nuclei. Fibroblasts of various shapes and sizes with round nuclei were randomly distributed throughout the entire area of the neoplasm. The bulk of the sarcoid consisted of collagen fibers, which turned pink when exposed to methylene blue and further exposure to acid fuchsin. Immunohistochemical studies revealed intense vimentin-positive expression in the sarcoid cells, confirming the hypothesis of their mesodermal origin. Upon detecting Ki-67 antibodies in the sarcoids from three clinical cases, a significant number of cells in the G1 and S phases of mitosis were discovered; the cell nuclei and karyoplasm were stained brown. These actively proliferating cells of the neoplasm constitute the "growth fraction" of the tumour and point to a high risk of recurrence and malignancy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and immunohistochemical changes in equine sarcoids

Portenko,

Shchebentovska,

Blishch

2023

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Overexpression of the key metabolic protein Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) in equine sarcoid

Martano,

Power,

Cuccaro

et al. 2024

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Retrospective study: Laser excision versus combined laser, cryosurgery and intralesional 5‐fluorouracil in the treatment of equine sarcoids

Offer,

Sutton

2024

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBackgroundLaser excision is used routinely in the treatment of sarcoids but may be ineffective in cases where complete excision cannot be achieved. A multimodal approach is warranted in these cases. 5‐FU may improve the lethal effect of cryosurgery as an adjunct to laser excision.ObjectivesTo compare two treatment protocols for equine sarcoids, laser excision alone versus a combination protocol of laser excision, cryosurgery and 5‐FU chemotherapy. Factors associated with sarcoid recurrence are also investigated.Study designRetrospective case controlled study.ResultsEighty‐four horses with 168 histologically confirmed sarcoids were included, with a median follow‐up time of 39 months (IQR 21–62 months). Sarcoid recurrence at the treated site was reported in 38% of cases and in 23% of any individual sarcoid. No significant difference was demonstrated between treatment categories in either rate of sarcoid recurrence (p = 0.45 for any treated horse, p = 0.63 for individual sarcoid) or time to sarcoid recurrence (p = 0.73). Sarcoid recurrence was higher in horses with a greater number of sarcoids (OR 1.2 (1.0–1.5), p = 0.03); when treatment had been received prior to admission (OR 7.6 (2.0–33), p = 0.004). Horses with urogenital sarcoids or >1 mixed sarcoid experienced more rapid recurrence (HR 3.6 (1.3–10), p = 0.02 and HR 9.9 (3.3–30), p < 0.001) and recurrence was less rapid following the treatment of a horse's first sarcoid (HR 0.3 (0.1–0.7), p = 0.009).Main limitationsSignificant differences in case populations in each treatment category. Treatment selection was neither blinded nor randomised and missing data and recall bias limit the study's power. Sarcoid recurrence was owner reported.ConclusionsWhen assessing the likelihood of sarcoid recurrence, characteristics of both the individual patient and sarcoid phenotype must be considered carefully when selecting a specific treatment protocol.

show abstract

Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids—From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines

Cited by 4 publications

References 103 publications

Histological and immunohistochemical changes in equine sarcoids

Histological and immunohistochemical changes in equine sarcoids

Overexpression of the key metabolic protein Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) in equine sarcoid

Retrospective study: Laser excision versus combined laser, cryosurgery and intralesional 5‐fluorouracil in the treatment of equine sarcoids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About