Immunotherapy of Invasive Fungal Disease

Lehrnbecher, Thomas; Armstrong‐James, Darius

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50842-9_9

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…In this regard, antibodies confer protection against fungal infections by opsonization and phagocytosis, complement activation and antibody-dependent cell toxicity [30,31] In addition to direct neutralization of fungi and their antigens, antibodies can inhibit fungal growth, modify gene expression, signaling and lipid metabolism, induce iron starvation, and reduce polysaccharide release and biofilm formation. [5,29] The indirect immunofluorescence technique that detects CAGTA, and thus differentiates colonization from invasion, has facilitated the diagnosis of IC in patients at risk [11,12,18]. Moreover, increasing titers of CAGTA have been related with a better prognosis for ICU patients with IC that were treated with antifungal compounds [19].…”

Section: **Discussion**mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite some improvement in diagnostic methods and the introduction of new drugs for treatment, IC is still a major problem in critically ill patients [2][3][4]. Other risk conditions for an invasive fungal disease (IFD) are immunosuppression, HIV infected patients, recipients of hematopoietic or solid organ transplantation, and long stay in the ICU [5,6].…”

Section: Main Text **Introduction**mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antifungal Activity of Human Antibodies against Candida albicans germ tubes (CAGTA) in Invasive Candidiasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Immunization

Carrano,

Arrieta-Aguirre,

Díez-Villalba

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a fungal infection caused by yeasts of the Candida genus, being Candida albicans the most frequently isolated species. These infections are associated with high mortality rates due to challenges in diagnosis, and pose a significant problem, especially for critically ill patients and those with immunosuppression or undergoing transplantation. To evaluate the activity of antibodies produced by patients with IC, particularly focusing on CAGTA that recognize specific antigens located on the cell wall surface of C. albicans germ tubes. We used sera from 29 patients with IC caused by either C. albicans or non-albicans Candida species. Whole serum IgG antibodies were divided into various fractions: anti-blastospores, CAGTA-enriched and purified CAGTA. The effect of these antibodies on C. albicans was assessed by XTT colorimetric assay to evaluate metabolic activity, CFU counts for viability assessment, and microscopy for growth, viability and morphological analysis. Compared with the anti-blastospores, the CAGTA-enriched IgG fraction was mainly responsible for reducing the metabolic activity and viability of C. albicans cells. Purified CAGTA (20 µg/ml) altered the cell wall surface of germ tubes, and DiBAC fluorescent staining revealed that they were fungicidal. In conclusion, antibodies produced in response to invasive candidiasis have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Purified CAGTA altered the cell wall structure and induced cell death. These findings suggest the potential use of CAGTA and related antigens as diagnostic markers and the development of immunization protocols for protection against Candida infections.

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Section: **Discussion**mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Text **Introduction**mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Human Antibodies against Candida albicans germ tubes (CAGTA) in Invasive Candidiasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Immunization

Carrano,

Arrieta-Aguirre,

Díez-Villalba

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite some improvement in diagnostic methods and the introduction of new drugs for treatment, IC is still a major problem in critically ill patients [ 3 – 5 ]. Other risk conditions for an invasive fungal disease (IFD) are immunosuppression, HIV infected patients, recipients of hematopoietic or solid organ transplantation, and long stay in the ICU [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, antibodies confer protection against fungal infections by opsonization and phagocytosis, complement activation and antibody-dependent cell toxicity [ 25 , 26 ]. In addition to direct neutralization of fungi and their antigens, antibodies can inhibit fungal growth, modify gene expression, signaling and lipid metabolism, induce iron starvation, and reduce polysaccharide release and biofilm formation [ 6 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Candida Antibodies of Patients with Invasive Candidiasis Inhibit Growth, Alter Cell Wall Structure, and Kill Candida albicans In Vitro

Carrano,

Arrieta-Aguirre,

Díez

et al. 2024

Mycopathologia

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Invasive candidiasis (IC), caused by Candida yeasts, particularly Candida albicans, poses a significant threat with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is challenging due to Candida's common presence in human microbiota. To address this, our research group developed an immunofluorescence assay detecting Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibodies (CAGTA) in IC patients. CAGTA, indicative of invasive processes, is associated with a lower mortality rate in ICU patients. Based on this premise, this study aims to provide results regarding the lack of knowledge about the potential activity of CAGTA against invasive infections in humans caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Therefore, in order to characterize the activity of CAGTA produced by patients with IC, we used sera from 29 patients with IC caused by either C. albicans or non-albicans Candida species. Whole serum IgG antibodies were fractionated into anti-blastospores, CAGTA-enriched, and purified CAGTA and the assessments included XTT colorimetric assays for metabolic activity, CFU counts for viability, and microscopy for growth, viability, and morphological analysis. The CAGTA-enriched IgG fraction significantly reduced the metabolic activity and viability of C. albicans compared to anti-blastospores. Purified CAGTA altered germ tube cell wall surfaces, as revealed by electron microscopy, and exhibited fungicidal properties by DiBAC fluorescent staining. In conclusion, antibodies in response to invasive candidiasis have antifungal activity against Candida albicans, influencing metabolic activity, viability, and cell wall structure, leading to cell death. These findings suggest the potential utility of CAGTA as diagnostic markers and support the possibility of developing immunization protocols against Candida infections.

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Immunotherapy of Invasive Fungal Disease

Cited by 2 publications

References 115 publications

Antifungal Activity of Human Antibodies against Candida albicans germ tubes (CAGTA) in Invasive Candidiasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Immunization

Antifungal Activity of Human Antibodies against Candida albicans germ tubes (CAGTA) in Invasive Candidiasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Immunization

Anti-Candida Antibodies of Patients with Invasive Candidiasis Inhibit Growth, Alter Cell Wall Structure, and Kill Candida albicans In Vitro

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