Immunotherapy: past, present and future

Waldmann, Thomas A.

doi:10.1038/nm0303-269

Cited by 550 publications

(395 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It is possible to create a mAb specific for almost any extracellular/cell surface target, thus a huge amount of research and development is currently being undertaken to create monoclonals for various serious diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and different types of cancer). For example: it can be used to destroy malignant tumor cells and check tumor growth by blocking specific cell receptors; and in radioimmunotherapy, where a radioactive dose localizes on a target cell line, delivering chemical doses to the target [91]. The advent of this technology has made it possible to raise antibodies against specific antigens presented on the surfaces of tumors [92].…”

Section: Systemic Versus Localized Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer

Gupta

2017

Nano Reviews & Experiments

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Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the largest cancer killer among women in most developing countries including India. Although, various drugs have been developed for cervical cancer, treatment with these drugs often results in a number of undesirable side effects, toxicity and multidrug resistance (MDR). Also, the outcomes for cervical cancer patients remain poor after surgery and chemo radiation. Methods: A literature search (for drugs and delivery systems against cervical cancer) was performed on PubMed and through Google. The present review discuss about various methods including its current conventional treatment with special reference to recent advances in delivery systems encapsulating various anticancer drugs and natural plant products for targeting towards cervical cancer. The role of photothermal therapy, gene therapy and radiation therapy against cervical cancer is also discussed. Results: Systemic/targeted drug delivery systems including liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, dendrimers etc. and localized drug delivery systems like cervical patches, films, rings etc. are safer than the conventional chemotherapy which has further been proved by the several drug delivery systems undergoing clinical trials. Conclusion: Novel approaches for the aggressive treatment of cervical cancer will optimistically result in decreased side effects as well as toxicity, frequency of administration of existing drugs, to overcome MDR and to increase the survival rates.

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Section: Systemic Versus Localized Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer

Gupta

2017

Nano Reviews & Experiments

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“…because of their short serum half-life, their inability to trigger human effector functions, and the induction of a human anti-mouse antibody response (Shawler et al, 1985). To overcome or alleviate these deficiencies, a variety of antibody constructs, including antibody fragments, chimeric, and humanized antibodies, etc, via recombinant DNA methodologies have been developed (Waldmann, 2003). Antibody fragments, including ScFv and Fab which correctly align variable light and heavy chains, can retain the antigen binding specificity of the parent antibody, and can be produced as functional proteins in bacterial expression systems (Casey et al, 1995).…”

Section: Neutralization Of Stx2 In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering and evaluation of a mouse/human chimeric antibody against Shiga toxin 2

Li¹,

Lin²,

Zeng³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), mainly caused by Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli(STEC) such as E. coli O157:H7 and STEC/EAggEC, is a serious complication predominantly leading to renal failure and even death. We have previously reported that a monoclonal antibody effectively neutralizes Stx2 in vitro and in vivo toxicity models. As a therapeutic agent against HUS, the mouse origin of this antibody can trigger human anti-murine antibody (HAMA) reactions thereby restricting its clinical application. In order to reduce its immunogenicity for use in humans, in this study, a mouse/human chimeric antibody designated rS2C4-IgG1 was developed in baculovirus/insect cell expression system. Analysis of antigen-binding and competitive binding revealed that rS2C4-IgG1 possessed specificity and affinity similar to that of S2C4. Results from cytotoxicity assays and mouse toxicity model analysis showed that rS2C4-IgG1offers neutralizing activity comparable to its parent MAb in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the chimeric rS2C4-IgG1 had great potential for use in the treatment of STEC infection.

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“…Our approach in the generation of a preventive allergy vaccine was to decrease the binding efficiency of B cell epitopes, while preserving T cell epitopes [9]. Intact T cell epitopes are required in order to enable the induction of specific T cell tolerance [11]. In contrast, B cell epitopes binding to IgE are prerequisites for sensitization against the native allergen and elicitation of adverse reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of allergy by a recombinant multi-allergen vaccine with reduced IgE binding and preserved T cell epitopes

Karamloo¹,

Schmid‐Grendelmeier

Kussebi³

et al. 2005

Eur. J. Immunol.

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Novel approaches for the prevention of allergy are required, because of the inevitably increasing prevalence of allergic diseases during the last 30 years. Here, a recombinant chimeric protein, which comprises the whole amino acid sequences of three bee venom major allergens has been engineered and used in prevention of bee venom sensitization in mice. Phospholipase A 2 (Api m 1), hyaluronidase (Api m 2) and melittin (Api m 3) fragments with overlapping amino acids were assembled in a different order in the Api m (1/2/3) chimeric protein, which preserved entire T cell epitopes, whereas B cell epitopes of all three allergens were abrogated. Accordingly, IgE cross-linking leading to mast cell and basophil mediator release was profoundly reduced in humans. Supporting these findings, the Api m (1/2/3) induced 100 to 1000 times less type-1 skin test reactivity in allergic patients. Treatment of mice with Api m (1/2/3) led to a significant reduction of specific IgE development towards native allergen, representing a protective vaccine effect in vivo. These results demonstrate a novel prototype of a preventive allergy vaccine, which preserves the entire T cell epitope repertoire, but bypasses induction of IgE against native allergen, and side effects related to mast cell/basophil IgE FceRI cross-linking in sensitized individuals.

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Immunotherapy: past, present and future

Cited by 550 publications

References 67 publications

Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer

Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer

Engineering and evaluation of a mouse/human chimeric antibody against Shiga toxin 2

Prevention of allergy by a recombinant multi-allergen vaccine with reduced IgE binding and preserved T cell epitopes

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