Immunotoxicity of pesticides: a review

Voccia, Isabelle; Blakley, Barry; Brousseau, Pauline; Fournier, Michel

doi:10.1177/074823379901500110

Cited by 71 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Specific pesticides demonstrated statistically significant associations with liver cancer among studies included in this review, including the organochlorine insecticide DDT. Broader pesticide chemical classes associated with increased risk of liver cancer include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates, each comprised of pesticides showing carcinogenic potential [60–62]. Organochlorines are mostly insecticides, were widely used in the 1940s to 60s, but have largely been banned in many countries due to adverse wildlife and human health effects and environmental persistence [18, 63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review

VoPham

Bertrand

Hart

et al. 2017

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose To review the epidemiologic literature examining pesticide exposure and liver cancer incidence. Methods A search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted in October 2015. Eligibility criteria included examining hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or primary liver cancer, pesticides as an exposure of interest, and individual-level incidence. The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Forty-eight papers were assessed for eligibility and 15 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies were conducted in China and Egypt (n=8), used a case-control design (n=14), and examined HCC (n=14). Most studies showed no association between self-reported and/or occupational exposure to pesticides and liver cancer risk. Six studies demonstrated statistically significant positive associations, including three biomarker-based studies (two using pre-diagnostic sera) that reported higher serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were associated with increased HCC risk. Studies indirectly measuring pesticide exposure using self-reported exposure, occupation, job-exposure matrices, or geographic residence demonstrated inconsistent results. These studies were limited by exposure assessment methods, lack of confounder information, minimal case confirmation, selection bias, and/or over-adjustment. Conclusions There is mixed evidence suggesting a possible association between specific pesticides and HCC risk, with the strongest evidence observed in biomarker-based studies. In particular, organochlorine pesticides, including DDT, may increase HCC risk. Future research should focus on improved pesticide exposure assessment methods, potentially incorporating multiple approaches including biomonitoring while considering the chemicals of interest, historical exposure to address latency periods, and examining specific chemicals and exposure pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review

VoPham

Bertrand

Hart

et al. 2017

Cancer Causes Control

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“…Pesticide exposure often induces detoxification mechanisms which could result in a trade off in energy allocation with immune defenses (Martin et al 2010). Alternatively, many pesticides can be directly toxic to immune cells and thus can reduce efficacy of immunity at protecting hosts from infection (Voccia et al 1999; Martin et al 2010). Actual metacercarial data (i.e., the proportion of cercariae that entered the host that successfully encsysted and thus were not killed by host immunity) would have been useful to assess the magnitude of each chemical’s effect on susceptibility to cercariae but the Animal Ethics Review Committee at the Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya required us to release the frogs back into the wild precluding the acquisition of these data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphibians are considered the most threatened of all vertebrate taxa and many of their declines have been associated with infectious diseases (Blaustein and Kiesecker 2002; Stuart et al 2004). Additionally, amphibians are exposed to contaminants that run-off into freshwater ecosystems, have permeable skin that allows chemicals to readily enter their bodies (Rohr et al 2011), and many chemical contaminants are immunosuppressive and associated with elevated disease endpoints (Voccia et al 1999; Martin et al 2010). In particular, trematode infections of amphibians have attracted substantial attention because they are associated with mass mortality events (Johnson et al 1999; Rohr et al 2010), are believed to be more common now than historically (Johnson et al 2003; Rohr et al 2009a), and can cause grotesque limb and body malformations (Johnson et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Pesticides and Trematode Infections on Hourglass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger

et al. 2016

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The impact of widespread and common environmental factors, such as chemical contaminants, on infectious disease risk in amphibians is particularly important because both chemical contaminants and infectious disease have been implicated in worldwide amphibian declines. Here we report on the lone and combined effects of exposure to parasitic cercariae (larval stage) of the digenetic trematode, Acanthostomum burminis, and four commonly used pesticides (insecticides: chlorpyrifos, dimethoate; herbicides: glyphosate, propanil) at ecologically relevant concentrations on the survival, growth, and development of the common hourglass tree frog, Polypedates cruciger Blyth 1852. There was no evidence of any pesticide-induced mortality on cercariae because all the cercariae successfully penetrated each tadpole host regardless of pesticide treatment. In isolation, both cercarial and pesticide exposure significantly decreased frog survival, development, and growth, and increased developmental malformations, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and also edema and skin ulcers. The combination of cercariae and pesticides generally posed greater risk to frogs than either factor alone by decreasing survival or growth or increasing time to metamorphosis or malformations. The exception was that lone exposure to chlorpyrifos had higher mortality without than with cercariae. Consistent with mathematical models that suggest that stress should increase the impact of generalist parasites, the weight of the evidence from the field and laboratory suggests that ecologically relevant concentrations of agrochemicals generally increase the threat that trematodes pose to amphibians, highlighting the importance of elucidating interactions between anthropogenic activities and infectious disease in taxa of conservation concern.

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“…Most of the seed that is available to the farmers through . Using treated seeds have benefits like increased yields and improved food safety (Cooper and Dobson, 2007;Wilde et al, 2008;Nuyttens et al, 2013), but it also has added health risks due to exposure to the pesticides (Brown et al, 1990;Blakley et al, 1999: Van Maele-Fabry et al, 2010.…”

Section: Hand Planter Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of drum cavity size and planter tip on singulation and plant emergence in maize (Zea mays L.)

Dhillon

Figueiredo

Aula³

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Average maize grain yields in developing countries are 1.8 Mg ha -1 compared to 9.9 Mg ha -1 in the USA, with much of this due to planter technology. Thirty million hectares in the world are planted by hand, where 2 to 3 seeds are placed per hill at uneven spacing resulting in heterogeneous plant stands. A hand planter was built to deliver single seeds with each strike (singulation) and to improve low grain yields encountered in developing countries. This study was conducted to evaluate drum cavity size and planter tip on singulation and plant emergence in maize, using the OSU hand planter. Two drum cavity sizes, two planter tips and four different seed sizes were used in a two-year study, started in 2014. On all four site years drum cavity 450S resulted in significantly similar emergence as those checks planted by hand and a John Deere vacuum planter. Over site years 17% better emergence was achieved with 450S vs 260-20 drums. Drum 260-20 was better at delivering singulation than 450S however, over four site years 27% misses (no seed delivered) were recorded with drum 260-20. No significant difference was seen with different tips on emergence, singulation and final grain yield. This data suggests that maize producers in developing world could use the OSU hand planter with drum 450S and the conventional tip. This planter can be used as a side-dress N-fertilizer applicator by simply changing the internal drum, that incorporates urea into the soil, minimizing volatilization losses. It also removes chemically treated seed from producer hands thus reducing health risks.iv

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Immunotoxicity of pesticides: a review

Cited by 71 publications

References 106 publications

Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review

Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review

Combined Effects of Pesticides and Trematode Infections on Hourglass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger

Evaluation of drum cavity size and planter tip on singulation and plant emergence in maize (Zea mays L.)

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