Impact and Selectivity of Insecticides to Predators and Parasitoids

Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Bacci, Leandro; Fernandes, Maria Sena

doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v3i1.52

Cited by 89 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The penetration rate of each insecticide through the integument results from the relationship between the affinity of the evaluated insecticides and the thickness and chemical composition of the integument of the natural enemy (FERNANDES et al, 2010). The lipophilicity of the insecticides is inversely proportional to their solubility in water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of insecticide use in soybean crop to the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Stecca¹,

Silva²,

Bueno³

et al. 2017

SCA

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The selectivity of different insecticides to nymphs and adults of Podisus nigrispinus was evaluated in this study. Tests were carried out in the laboratory according to IOBC standard protocol. We evaluated different active ingredients that were applied using a Potter tower. Insect survival was assessed at 24-hour intervals for up to five days after exposure to treatments. Adult survivors of each treatment were assigned to breeding-pairs to evaluate possible effects on fertility. The pyrethroids bifenthrin, zeta-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin alone or in mixtures with neonicotinoids and diamides, such as beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxan and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, as well as the organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, were the most harmful (class 4 classification) insecticides for the preservation of P. nigrispinus for both nymph and adult predators. Conversely, the insecticide growth regulators (IGRs) lufenuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, tebufenozide and novaluron were classified as harmful (class 4) only for P. nigrispinus nymphs. These products were classified as harmless (class 1) and slightly harmful (class 2) for adult predators. Among the evaluated products, the most selective for P. nigrispinus were those belonging to the spinosyns (spinosad and spinetoram) and the diamides group (flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole), which were classified as harmless (class 1) and slightly harmful (class 2) for both P. nigrispinus nymphs and adults. Next, the most selective product was methoxyfenozide, which ranged between slightly harmful (class 2) and moderately harmful (class 3) to nymphs and harmless (class 1) to adults of the natural enemy. Key words: Biological control. Chemical control. Natural enemy. IOBC. sobre a fertilidade. Os piretróides bifentrina, zeta-cipermetrina, beta-citflutrina, lambda-cialotrina e deltametrina isolados ou em misturas com neonicotinóides e diamidas, tais como beta-citflutrina + imidacloprid, lambda-cialotrina + tiametoxano e clorantraniliprole + lambda-cialotrina, bem como o organofosforado, clorpirifós, foram os inseticidas mais nocivos (classe 4) para a preservação de ninfas e adultos do predador P. nigrispinus. Por outro lado, os reguladores de crescimento de inseticidas (IGRs) lufenuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, tebufenozide e novaluron foram classificados como nocivos (classe 4) apenas para ninfas de P. nigrispinus. Estes produtos foram classificados como inofensivos (classe 1) e levemente nocivo (classe 2) para os predadores adultos. Entre os produtos avaliados, os mais seletivos para P. nigrispinus foram aqueles pertencentes às espinosinas (spinosad e spinetoram) e ao grupo das diamidas (flubendiamida e clorantraniliprole) classificados como inofensivos (classe 1) e levemente nocivos (classe 2) para ninfas e adultos de P. nigrispinus. Em seguida, o produto mais seletivo foi methoxyfenozide, que variou entre ligeiramente prejudicial (classe 2) e moderadamente prejudicial (classe 3) para n...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of insecticide use in soybean crop to the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Stecca¹,

Silva²,

Bueno³

et al. 2017

SCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, affecting the rate of penetration through the integument of an insect and/or rate of metabolization of the insecticide within the insect . The rate of insecticide penetrating the integument depends on the relationship between insecticide affinity, cuticle thickness, and chemical composition (FERNANDES et al, 2010), which might differ among the pupae and adults of the same parasitoid species. The lipophilicity of insecticides is inversely proportional to their solubility in water (FERNANDES et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of insecticide penetrating the integument depends on the relationship between insecticide affinity, cuticle thickness, and chemical composition (FERNANDES et al, 2010), which might differ among the pupae and adults of the same parasitoid species. The lipophilicity of insecticides is inversely proportional to their solubility in water (FERNANDES et al, 2010). Therefore, compounds with a relatively high lipophilicity can penetrate the body of an insect at a relatively high rate due to their similarity with the cuticle that can differ among the pupae and adults of the parasitoid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of increasing rate of insecticides on its selectivity for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Grande

Braz

Bueno

et al. 2018

SCA

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The present study evaluated the effect of different rates of chlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and chlorfenapyr on their selectivity for the pupae and adults of Trichogramma pretiosum. The negative effect of majority of the insecticides tested on most of the parasitoids was directly proportional to the rate of the insecticide applied. Chlorantraniliprole at a rate of 10 g a.i. ha -1 was classified as harmless (class 1) to both pupae and adults of the parasitoid. The effect of chlorantraniliprole at a rate of 20 to 50 g a.i. ha -1 varied from harmless (class 1) to slightly harmful (class 2) to the adults of T. pretiosum. Chlorantraniliprole 10 + lambda-cyhalothrin at 5 g a.i. ha -1 was classified as harmless (class 1) to the pupae and moderately harmful (class 3) to the adults of T. pretiosum. On the contrary, the highest rate of chlorantraniliprole 50 + lambda-cyhalothrin tested (i.e., 25 g a.i. ha -1 ) was classified as slightly harmful (class 2) to the pupae and harmful (class 4) to the adults of the parasitoid. Similarly, increasing the application rate of spinosad and chlorfenapyr also exhibited an increase in toxicity. Spinosad at a rate of 24 g a.i. ha -1 was classified as slightly harmful (class 2) and harmless (class 1) to the pupae and adults of T. pretiosum, respectively. Spinosad at 96 g a.i. ha -1 was classified as both moderately harmful (class 3) and harmful (class 4) to the pupae of the parasitoid. Chlorfenapyr at a rate of 192 g a.i. ha -1 was classified as both slightly harmful (class 2) and moderately harmful (class 3) to the pupae of T. pretiosum, whereas chlorfenapyr at 336 g a.i. ha -1 was categorized as slightly harmful (class 3) and harmful (class 4) to the pupae. These results indicate that an increase in the rate of insecticide affected T. pretiosum negatively. Therefore, higher insecticide rates should only be adopted when strictly necessary to control the target pest, because they might compromise the biological pest control process in the field. ResumoO presente estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes taxas de clorantraniliprole, clorantraniliprole + lambdacialotrina, espinosade, e clorfenapir na seletividade para as pupas e adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum. O efeito negativo da maioria dos inseticidas testados nos parasitoides foi diretamente proporcional à dose do inseticida aplicado. O clorantraniliprole na dose de 10 g a.i. ha -1 foi classificado como seletivo (classe 1) para pupas e adultos do parasitoide. O efeito do clorantraniliprole na dose de 20 a 50 g a.i. ha -1 variou de seletivo (classe 1) a levemente prejudicial (classe 2) aos adultos de T. pretiosum. Clorantraniliprole 10 + lambda-cialotrina a 5 g a.i. ha -1 foi classificado como seletivo (classe 1) para as pupas e moderadamente prejudicial (classe 3) aos adultos de T. pretiosum. Ao contrário, a dose mais alta de clorantraniliprole 50 + lambda-cialotrina testada (isto é, 25 g a.i. ha -1 ) foi classificada como moderadamente prejudicial (classe 3) para as pupas e nociva (cla...

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“…Overuse of non-selective pesticides in agriculture has several important adverse effects, of which the harm caused to biological control agents is the most relevant (CARMO et al, 2010a;FERNANDES et al, 2010). Among other negative effects, reduced activity of biological control agents usually leads to pest resurgence, occurrence Bueno et al of secondary pests and selection for resistance (FERNANDES et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among other negative effects, reduced activity of biological control agents usually leads to pest resurgence, occurrence Bueno et al of secondary pests and selection for resistance (FERNANDES et al, 2010). In order to mitigate those problems and to maintain agricultural sustainability in the medium and long term, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an alternative to prophylactic pest control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide selectivity to natural enemies: challenges and constraints for research and field recommendation

Bueno

Carvalho

Santos³

et al. 2017

Cienc. Rural

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Pesticides are considered the first line of defense for the control of pests and diseases. At least in the short and medium term, the use of pesticides will remain an important strategy for pest management, allowing growers to produce crops of sufficient quality at low costs. A broad approach known as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines several different pest-control strategies, among which the combination of chemical and biological control stands out. It requires pesticides that achieve optimal control of target pests with minimal impact on the activity of biological control agents. Because of the dynamics of pest infestations, IPM routines are continuously adjusted by growers, requiring comprehensive information about pesticide effects on natural enemies. However, this information is not always available and often contradictory, which constrains the design of field recommendations. In this review, we focused on the importance of selective pesticides in IPM programs, and the effects of chemical pesticides on parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi. We provided a detailed discussion of the challenges and constraints for research on pesticide effects on natural enemies, as well as for the resulting field recommendations.

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Impact and Selectivity of Insecticides to Predators and Parasitoids

Cited by 89 publications

References 64 publications

Selectivity of insecticide use in soybean crop to the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Selectivity of insecticide use in soybean crop to the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Effect of increasing rate of insecticides on its selectivity for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Pesticide selectivity to natural enemies: challenges and constraints for research and field recommendation

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