Impact assessment and efficiency evaluation of hydrogen production methods

Acar, Canan; Dinçer, İbrahim

doi:10.1002/er.3302

Cited by 114 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Various methods to generate hydrogen have been studied in considerable depth, including electrolysis, photoelectrochemistry, fossil fuel reforming and artificial photosynthesis [4]. Because of its abundance in nature, water is an especially promising source of hydrogen, and many solar technologies have been developed to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the viability of hydrogen generation from the reaction of silicon powder and sodium hydroxide solution for portable applications

Brack

Dann

Wijayantha

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe gravimetric hydrogen storage efficiency of silicon has been widely reported as 14 wt.%, suggesting that this material should be an excellent hydrogen generation source for portable applications. However, in the case of the reaction of silicon powder with 20 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C, the observed production of hydrogen fails to realize these high expectations unless a large excess of basic solution is used during the reaction, rendering the use of silicon in such systems uncompetitive compared with chemical hydride based technologies. By investigating the molar ratio of water:silicon from a large excess of water towards the stoichiometric 2:1 ratio dictated by the reaction equation, this study shows that for the reaction of silicon in 20 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, the quantity of hydrogen produced decreases as the 2:1 ratio expected from the equation for the reaction is approached. Furthermore, in order to reach 80% of the theoretical efficacy, a molar ratio of 20:1, or 12 mL of 20 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution per gram of silicon, would be required. These results suggest that the actual gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity is less than 1%, casting doubts as to whether the use of silicon for hydrogen generation in real systems would be possible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the viability of hydrogen generation from the reaction of silicon powder and sodium hydroxide solution for portable applications

Brack

Dann

Wijayantha

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…However, about 70% of the fuel energy is wasted as heat in vehicle engines and massive amount of GHGs are emitted [3]. Operation of FCs is rather clean without any harmful emissions, yet a large quantity of GHG emissions are still generated in the reforming processes [6]. In this context, more efficient and clean vehicle technologies are desired to reduce fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative life cycle assessment of hydrogen pathways from fossil sources in China

Dong

Liu

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary Emissions of multiple hydrogen production pathways from fossil sources were evaluated and compared with that of fossil fuel production pathways in China by using the life cycle assessment method. The considered hydrogen pathways are gasoline reforming, diesel reforming, natural gas reforming, soybean‐derived biodiesel (s‐biodiesel) reforming, and waste cooking oil‐derived biodiesel reforming. Moreover, emissions and energy consumption of fuel cell vehicles utilizing hydrogen from different fossil sources were presented and compared with those of the electric vehicle, the internal combustion engine vehicle, and the compression ignition engine vehicle. The results indicate both fuel cell vehicles and the electric vehicle have less greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption compared with the traditional vehicle technologies in China. Based on an overall performance comparison of five different fuel cell vehicles and the electric vehicle in China, fuel cell vehicles operating on hydrogen produced from natural gas and waste cooking oil‐derived biodiesel show the best performance, whereas the electric vehicle has the worse performance than all the fuel cell vehicles because of very high share of coal in the electricity mix of China. The emissions of electric vehicle in China will be in the same level with that of natural gas fuel cell vehicle if the share of coal decreases to around 40% and the share of renewable energy increases to around 20% in the electricity mix of China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Fossil fuels supply about 85% of the total world energy requirements [1]. With more governments planning to implement a "carbon tax" on the production of CO2, the use of alternative energy sources is becoming increasingly attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is anticipated that, in the long-term, hydrogen will be generated via carbon-free technology (renewable resources), such as solar photovoltaic and electrolysers. The current "carbon free" technologies, however, remain too expensive and efficiency needs to be improved [1]. In the transition period to a carbon-free renewable hydrogen economy, reforming of fossil fuels should be considered as practical hydrogen source using widely available fuels and existing infrastructure [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Data in High Throughput Experimentation for Catalyst Studies in Fuel Processing

Luchters

Fletcher

Roberts

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The use of high throughout and combinatorial experimentation is becoming commonplace in catalytic research. The benefits of parallel experiments are not only limited to reducing the time-to-market, but also give an opportunity to study processes in more depth, by generating more data. To investigate the complete parameter space, multiple experiments must be performed and the variability between these experiments must be quantifiable. In this project, the reproducibility and variance in high throughput catalyst preparation and parallel testing were determined. High-performance equipment was used in a catalyst development program for fuel processing, the production of fuel cell-grade hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels. Four studies, involving water-gas shift conversion and high-temperature steam methane reforming, were performed to determine the reproducibility of the workflow from automated catalyst preparation to parallel activity testing. Statistical analyses showed the standard deviation in catalytic activities as determined by conversion, to be less than 6% of the average value.

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Impact assessment and efficiency evaluation of hydrogen production methods

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

An assessment of the viability of hydrogen generation from the reaction of silicon powder and sodium hydroxide solution for portable applications

An assessment of the viability of hydrogen generation from the reaction of silicon powder and sodium hydroxide solution for portable applications

Comparative life cycle assessment of hydrogen pathways from fossil sources in China

Variability of Data in High Throughput Experimentation for Catalyst Studies in Fuel Processing

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