“…Land-use planning and management are crucial factors that influence the sustainability of water resources (Homdee et al, 2011). Changes in land use and management practices can lead to alterations in key hydrological elements, such as evapotranspiration (Liu et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2019), runoff depth (Sultan et al, 2017(Sultan et al, , 2018a(Sultan et al, , 2018b, mean annual runoff (Ebabu et al, 2018), soil erosion (Fenta et al, 2020(Fenta et al, , 2021, and groundwater quality (Abdulkareem et al, 2019), thereby affecting overall basin hydrology (Abdulkareem et al, 2017(Abdulkareem et al, , 2018Setargie et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2019). Amini et al (2009) showed that river floods were sensitive to land-use change, but they were essentially dependent on the climate and geomorphologic characteristics of river basins.…”