Impact damage tolerance of thermoset composites reinforced with hybrid commingled yarns

Selver, Erdem; Potluri, Prasad; Hogg, P.J.; Soutis, C.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.12.035

Cited by 103 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These specimens were subsequently scanned using a C-scan system to obtain damage maps [7,8,24,31]. Specimen cross-sections along the 0°, 45° and 90° fibre directions were extracted from selected impacted specimens for optical microscopy [32][33][34]. The microscopic analysis yielded further insight into composite damage arising from low velocity impact.…”

Section: Ansari and Chakrabartimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical studies on the impact response of damage-tolerant hybrid unidirectional/woven carbon-fibre reinforced composite laminates

Liu

Falzon

Tan

2018

Composites Part B: Engineering

162

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A woven Five-Harness Satin (5HS) weave with AS4 carbon fibres, and unidirectional high strength IMS60 carbon fibres were used to manufacture hybrid laminates, using resin infusion, to assess their performance in low velocity impact tests. Load/energy-time curves and load-displacement curves were extracted from the experimental data, and non-destructive Cscanning was performed on all pre-and post-impacted specimens to quantify the extent of damage incurred. A finite element-based computational damage model was developed to predict the material response of these hybrid unidirectional/woven laminates. The intralaminar damage model formulation, by necessity, consists of two sub-models, a unidirectional constitutive model and a woven constitutive model. The built-in surface-based cohesive behaviour in Abaqus/Explicit was used to define the interlaminar damage model for capturing delamination. The reliability of this model was validated using in-house experimental data obtained from standard drop-weight impact tests. The simulated reactionforce and absorbed energy showed excellent agreement with experiment results. The post-impact delamination and permanent indentation deformation were also accurately captured. The accuracy of the damage model facilitated a quantitative comparison between the performance of a hybrid unidirectional/woven (U/W) laminates and a pure unidirectional (PU) carbon-fibre reinforced composite laminates of equivalent lay-up. The hybrid laminates were shown to yield better impact resistance.

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Section: Ansari and Chakrabartimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical studies on the impact response of damage-tolerant hybrid unidirectional/woven carbon-fibre reinforced composite laminates

Liu

Falzon

Tan

2018

Composites Part B: Engineering

162

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“…Recent studies have shown that an effective approach to enhance the impact performance of woven composite laminates is to use hybrid fiber systems—by combining either different fabric types (ie, hybrid layup) or different warp and fill yarns (ie, hybrid weave), or commingled fibers (ie, hybrid yarns). In addition, hybrid matrix systems, for example, nano‐ or micro‐particle modified thermoset resins and nonwoven thermoplastic interlayers, could provide opportunities to manipulate failure mechanisms at multiple length scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐laminar toughening mechanisms to enhance impact damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates via yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture

2019

Self Cite

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Advanced composites are widely used in primary and secondary structural applications, for example, aerospace, automotive, marine, and renewable energy sectors. But it is well recognized that the impact resistance and damage tolerance of composite laminates are in general poor, which is a major challenge for optimizing structural designs. In this regard, an experimental study is conducted for enhancing the damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates by exploring yarn‐level fiber hybridization. Hybrid yarns are produced by combing high‐strength fibers, that is, S‐glass, and high‐toughness fibers, that is, polypropylene [PP], and using commingling and core‐wrapping processes. Using the hybrid yarns, 2D fabrics, that is, with 5H satin, 2/2 twill, and 2/2 basket architectures, are weaved, and subsequently hybrid S‐glass/PP/epoxy laminates are manufactured via vacuum assisted resin infusion. The low velocity impact response and energy absorption of the hybrid laminates are investigated by drop‐weight impact tests at different energy levels, that is, 15 J, 25 J, 35 J, and 50 J. The damage tolerance is studied by compression‐after‐impact (CAI) tests, measuring the residual compressive strength of the damaged laminates. Furthermore, the failure modes are investigated using scanning electron microscopy for identifying damage mechanisms in the hybrid laminates after the impact and CAI tests. The impact response and damage tolerance of the 5H satin, 2/2 twill, and 2/2 basket fabric laminates are compared with that of noncrimp‐fabric laminates produced with (ie, S‐glass/PP yarns) and without (ie, S‐glass yarns) yarn‐level hybridization. It is shown that yarn‐level hybridization and fiber architecture significantly affect the impact behavior and damage tolerance of the 2D woven S‐glass/PP/epoxy hybrid laminates investigated. The microscopy studies show that intra‐yarn, inter‐yarn, inter‐lamina failure mechanisms can in general be introduced by combining yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture for modifying failure and energy dissipation mechanisms under low velocity impact and hence the damage tolerance of composite laminates.

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“…If the core layer is a brittle material, the fast rebound of the face sheet under the impact will result in debonding at the interface between the face sheet and the core. Selver et al [44] mentioned that larger dent depths in the structure may be attributed to impact energy that was absorbed by a smaller area, which generates a greater plasticity of the composite, stiffness degradation, and more localized damage under the hemispherical steel impactor. The evolution of the damage area with impact energy for the optimum banana/epoxy sandwich structure is presented in Figure 9.…”

Section: Low-velocity Impact Response Of Sandwich Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Damage Resistance and Post-Impact Tolerance of Optimum Banana-Pseudo-Stem-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Sandwich Structures

Hassan¹,

Sapuan²,

Rasid³

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Banana fiber has a high potential for use in fiber composite structures due to its promise as a polymer reinforcement. However, it has poor bonding characteristics with the matrixes due to hydrophobic–hydrophilic incompatibility, inconsistency in blending weight ratio, and fiber length instability. In this study, the optimal conditions for a banana/epoxy composite as determined previously were used to fabricate a sandwich structure where carbon/Kevlar twill plies acted as the skins. The structure was evaluated based on two experimental tests: low-velocity impact and compression after impact (CAI) tests. Here, the synthetic fiber including Kevlar, carbon, and glass sandwich structures were also tested for comparison purposes. In general, the results showed a low peak load and larger damage area in the optimal banana/epoxy structures. The impact damage area, as characterized by the dye penetration, increased with increasing impact energy. The optimal banana composite and synthetic fiber systems were proven to offer a similar residual strength and normalized strength when higher impact energies were applied. Delamination and fracture behavior were dominant in the optimal banana structures subjected to CAI testing. Finally, optimization of the compounding parameters of the optimal banana fibers improved the impact and CAI properties of the structure, making them comparable to those of synthetic sandwich composites.

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Impact damage tolerance of thermoset composites reinforced with hybrid commingled yarns

Cited by 103 publications

References 46 publications

Experimental and numerical studies on the impact response of damage-tolerant hybrid unidirectional/woven carbon-fibre reinforced composite laminates

Experimental and numerical studies on the impact response of damage-tolerant hybrid unidirectional/woven carbon-fibre reinforced composite laminates

Intra‐laminar toughening mechanisms to enhance impact damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates via yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture

Impact Damage Resistance and Post-Impact Tolerance of Optimum Banana-Pseudo-Stem-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Sandwich Structures

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