Impact Des Effluents Des Huileries D’olive Sur La Qualité Physico‐chimique Et Biologique Des Eaux Souterraines Dans La Plaine Du Haouz Au Sud De Marrakech (Maroc)

Abstract

Olive Oil Waste Water (OOWW) is acidic water known for its antibacterial and phytotoxic effects. In Morocco, these effluents are generally drained into the surrounding environment without any treatment or are collected and retained in large evaporation basins, which can constitute a source of potential pollution of groundwater. The analysis of water from 14 wells, in an agricultural zone, where there are four storage basins of OOWW coming from various types of oil mills, showed that their physicochemical and biological quality is largely influenced by the presence of these basins. Indeed, high values of COD (400 mg O2 L(-1)), polyphenols (180 mg l(-1)) and electrical conductivity (1.89 mS cm-') were recorded in P5 water. This well is located only 5 m from a storage basin of OOWW coming from the H4 oil mill which rejects OOWW charged with organic matter (more than 290 g of O2 L(-1) of COD, on average). However, the settlement of a basin, dug close to a modern oil mill (H3), which produces large OOWW volumes but is loaded with low organic pollutant concentration (100 g of O2L(-1) of COD), reduced notably the effect of the OOWW infiltration on groundwater. This resulted in the improvement of the groundwater physicochemical quality near this basin (P7 and P8); the organic matter contents expressed by COD vary from 26.7 mg l(-1) to 30 mg l(-1) and the polyphenol contents are on average between 41 mg l(-1) and 47.6 mg l(-1). The analysis of the total well water fauna showed a great taxonomic richness with variations in time and space. The biodiversity decreases in groundwater polluted by the oil mill waste and the underground fauna disappears completely if the degree of contamination of groundwater is high.

Application of lime and calcium hypochlorite in the dephenolisation and discolouration of olive mill wastewater

“…In several countries as is the case of Morocco, OOWW are discharged into the nature without any prior treatment what causes acute deterioration of the quality of the receiving environments including rivers, groundwater and agricultural soils (Zenjari and Nejmeddine, 2001;Foutlane et al, 2002;S'habou et al, 2005;Boukhoubza et al, 2008).…”

Modélisation de la cinétique du séchage convectif du grignon d’olive

“…Cependant, cette industrie génère de nombreux problèmes environnementaux inquiétants (pollutions des cours d'eau, nappes phréatiques, sols, etc.) dus à la pollution engendrée par ses deux résidus: l'un liquide (les margines) et l'autre solide (les Smail Meziane grignons) [1,2]. La valorisation de ces sous-produits contribuerait à limiter l'impact de cette industrie sur l'environnement.…”