Impact evaluation of EPI-PLUS and WIBS approaches in controlling vitamin A deficiency in Tigray and Harari Regions, Ethiopia

Demissie, Tsegaye; Haider, Jemal; Tibeb, Hana Neka; Haile, Betlhem Amha

doi:10.4314/ejhd.v14i3.9903

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Except in the southern region where studies have consistently shown low levels of vitamin A deficiency (4,10), the problem has continued to constitute a major public-health concern in other regions. In some regions, close to 8% prevalence rate of Bitot's spot (clinical vitamin A deficiency) was reported, perhaps the highest rate ever recorded in the world (6). The fifth nutrition situation report of the Standing Committee on Nutrition of the United Nations indicates that the prevalence of xerophthalmia in Ethiopia is the highest in the world (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Health-related Risk Factors of Subclinical Vitamin A Deficiency in Ethiopia

Demissie

Ali

Mekonnen³

et al. 2009

J Health Popul Nutr

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The study was conducted to determine the demographic and health-related risk factors of subclinical vitamin A deficiency in Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 996 children in 210 clusters across the nation for analysis of serum retinol. Interviews were conducted with the respective mothers of the 996 children on presumed risk factors of vitamin A deficiency. A higher subclinical vitamin A deficiency was associated with: not receiving vitamin A supplement over the year, having been ill during the two weeks preceding the survey, no or incomplete vaccination, belonging to a mother with high parity, and low levels of awareness of vitamin A. Moreover, being from Muslim household was strongly associated with higher levels of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Among the risk factors identified, low levels of vaccination, high parity, and low levels of maternal awareness of vitamin A contributed to higher risks of vitamin A deficiency among Muslim children. The findings underscore the need for creation of strengthened awareness of family planning and importance of vitamin A, promotion of vaccination and child health, intensification of vitamin A supplementation, and in-depth investigation on factors contributing to increased vulnerability of Muslim children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Health-related Risk Factors of Subclinical Vitamin A Deficiency in Ethiopia

Demissie

Ali

Mekonnen³

et al. 2009

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…Several studies in the past and present have established that vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, as elsewhere in developing countries (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Although several factors are known to precipitate vitamin A deficiency, most often in synergy, inadequate consumption of the nutrient appear to outweigh all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables in nine regions of Ethiopia with special emphasis to vitamin A deficiency

Demissie¹,

Ali²,

Zerfu³

2010

Ethiopian Journal of Health Development

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Background: Vegetables and fruits are the main sources of a number of essential micronutrients, and therefore, information on availability and consumption of vegetables/fruits is vital in designing sustainable interventions to prevent micronutrient deficiencies, particularly that of vitamin A deficiency. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables in Ethiopia. Methods: Employing, multistage cluster sampling approach, a sample of 2552 households in nine administrative regions were interviewed on availability and consumption practice of vegetables and fruits. Results: In aggregate, 41.5% and 75.5% of households did not produce/cultivate any of the common vegetables and fruits over the year preceding the survey, respectively. The proportion of households who did not produce/cultivate vegetables was high in Addis Ababa (99.7%), Afar (94.9%), Dire Dawa (94.2%) and Tigray (86.4%). The proportion of households who did not produce/cultivate fruits was highest in Addis Ababa (100%), followed in Dire Dawa (95.3%), Afar (92.9%), Tigray (92.2%), Harari (83.3%) and Oromiya (81.8%). In the overall, 38.1% and 36.5% of the children studied did not eat vegetable and fruit in the week preceding the survey, respectively. Own production of fruits and vegetables was significantly better (p<0.05) in rural areas whereas their market availabilities was significantly better (p<0.05) in urban areas. Analysis of beta carotene contents indicated that kale and carrots contain high amounts (>4000µg/100gm), spinach, mango and papaya contain moderate amounts (500-800µg/100gm), while staple foods contain no or negligible amounts. Conclusions: Cultivation and consumption of vegetables and fruits is extremely sub-optimal in Ethiopia, calling for strengthened efforts to promote production and consumption of fruits and vegetables.

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“…Measurement bias was observed in three studies [28,32,34]. Bias related to analysis was also observed in three studies [8,27,33] (Supplementary file 1: Table S1).…”

Section: Risk Of Bias and Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…All 15 studies included in this systematic review and metaanalysis were community-based cross-sectional studies. Seven studies used both clinical and subclinical (biochemical) assessment methods [8,16,[24][25][26][27][28], and six of them used clinical assessment method only [29][30][31][32][33][34], while two studies were subclinical assessment method only [15,35]. Thirteen 3 BioMed Research International studies indicated the prevalence of xerophthalmia through clinical examination.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Studies A Total Of 4150 Publishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of bias assessment of individual studies was carried out using the Hoy 2012 tool with ten criteria which were listed in Methods [18]. Out of 15 included studies, eight studies (53.3%) had a low risk of bias [14,15,25,26,31,33,35], and seven studies (46.7%) had a moderate risk of bias [8,24,[27][28][29][30]34]. The main cause of study bias was selection bias.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias and Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Sahile

Gebremichael

Tezera

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. Objective. The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. Methods. Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot’s spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations. Results. Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot’s spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot’s spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. Conclusions. Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot’s spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.

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Impact evaluation of EPI-PLUS and WIBS approaches in controlling vitamin A deficiency in Tigray and Harari Regions, Ethiopia

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Demographic and Health-related Risk Factors of Subclinical Vitamin A Deficiency in Ethiopia

Demographic and Health-related Risk Factors of Subclinical Vitamin A Deficiency in Ethiopia

Availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables in nine regions of Ethiopia with special emphasis to vitamin A deficiency

Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

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