“…The results located in the third quadrant imply neither satisfaction nor comfort. The results located in the fourth quadrant mean it has a negative effect in terms of satisfaction but a possible positive effect in terms of comfort [39]. Each quadrant's evaluation is divided into four grades (as shown in Figure 16).…”
Section: Satisfaction-comfort Matrix Results and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the passive design of tubular space was divided into four factor groups: spatial parameters, climate parameters, the degree of physical environmental comfort, and occupancy satisfaction. (as shown in Figure 3) Analysis of the factors influential on well-type space in subway station building complexes According to authors pervious research in passive space design [36,39], the building space can be recognized as four categories including "shape", "mass", "quantity", and "connection". This research also adopts this research framework that the factor groups were further quantified and subdivided.…”
Section: Stage One: Factor Analysis Of the Effect Of Passive Design Omentioning
The stereo integration of subway transportation with urban functions has promoted the transformation of urban space via extensive two-dimensional plans to intensive three-dimensional development. As sustainable development aspect, it has posed new challenges for the design of architectural space to be better environmental quality and low energy consumption. Therefore, subway station building complexes with high-performance designs should be a primary focus. Tubular space is a very common spatial form in subway station building complexes; it is an important space carrier for transmitting airflow and natural light. As such, it embodies the advantages of effectively utilizing natural resources, improving the indoor thermal and light environments, refining the air quality, and reducing energy consumption. This research took tubular space, which has a passive regulation function in subway station building complexes as its research object. It firstly established a scientific and logical method for verifying the value of tubular space by searching causal relationships among the parameterized building space information factors, occupancy satisfaction elements, physical environment comfort aspects, and climate conditions. Secondly, based on the actual field investigation, a database of physical environment performance data and users’ subjective satisfaction information was collected. Through the fieldwork results and analysis, the research thirdly concluded that the potential passive utilization of tubular space in subway station building complexes can be divided into two aspects: improvement in comfort level itself and utilization of climate between natural or artificial. Finally, three typical integrated design method for tubular spaces exhibiting high levels of performance and low amounts of energy consumption in subway station building complexes was put forward. This interdisciplinary research provides a design basis for subway station building complexes seeking to achieve high levels of performance and low amounts of energy consumption.
“…The results located in the third quadrant imply neither satisfaction nor comfort. The results located in the fourth quadrant mean it has a negative effect in terms of satisfaction but a possible positive effect in terms of comfort [39]. Each quadrant's evaluation is divided into four grades (as shown in Figure 16).…”
Section: Satisfaction-comfort Matrix Results and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the passive design of tubular space was divided into four factor groups: spatial parameters, climate parameters, the degree of physical environmental comfort, and occupancy satisfaction. (as shown in Figure 3) Analysis of the factors influential on well-type space in subway station building complexes According to authors pervious research in passive space design [36,39], the building space can be recognized as four categories including "shape", "mass", "quantity", and "connection". This research also adopts this research framework that the factor groups were further quantified and subdivided.…”
Section: Stage One: Factor Analysis Of the Effect Of Passive Design Omentioning
The stereo integration of subway transportation with urban functions has promoted the transformation of urban space via extensive two-dimensional plans to intensive three-dimensional development. As sustainable development aspect, it has posed new challenges for the design of architectural space to be better environmental quality and low energy consumption. Therefore, subway station building complexes with high-performance designs should be a primary focus. Tubular space is a very common spatial form in subway station building complexes; it is an important space carrier for transmitting airflow and natural light. As such, it embodies the advantages of effectively utilizing natural resources, improving the indoor thermal and light environments, refining the air quality, and reducing energy consumption. This research took tubular space, which has a passive regulation function in subway station building complexes as its research object. It firstly established a scientific and logical method for verifying the value of tubular space by searching causal relationships among the parameterized building space information factors, occupancy satisfaction elements, physical environment comfort aspects, and climate conditions. Secondly, based on the actual field investigation, a database of physical environment performance data and users’ subjective satisfaction information was collected. Through the fieldwork results and analysis, the research thirdly concluded that the potential passive utilization of tubular space in subway station building complexes can be divided into two aspects: improvement in comfort level itself and utilization of climate between natural or artificial. Finally, three typical integrated design method for tubular spaces exhibiting high levels of performance and low amounts of energy consumption in subway station building complexes was put forward. This interdisciplinary research provides a design basis for subway station building complexes seeking to achieve high levels of performance and low amounts of energy consumption.
“…In this way, the voting data could be compared to the impact on the relationship among occupancy satisfaction, building information and building physical environment. 19 In the satisfaction and self-reported productivity questions, this survey system uses a seven-point semantic differential scale with endpoints ‘inappropriate’ and ‘appropriate’. For the purposes of comparison, the scale was assumed to be roughly linear, with ordinal values for each of the points along the scale, ranging from −3 (very inappropriate) to +3 (very appropriate) and with 0 as the neutral midpoint.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The middle value of ‘0’ is a reference standard for occupant satisfaction level. The factors that do not meet the standards are highlighted in the red circle 19,21,22 (as shown in Figure 2). Figure 2.Compass for occupant satisfaction.…”
The buffer effect provided by an atrium is one typical passive strategy used in sustainable building design. Based on a comprehensive evaluation framework that includes both satisfaction and comfort, this research develops two types of graphical visualisation info-graphs. One is a compass reflecting the occupant satisfaction voting, which conveys the level of satisfaction occupants have with the architectural design. The results reflect the health level of the occupants, as well as how efficiently resources are used. The second info-graph is a data cloud that can be used to display a building’s physical environment, and thus convey the distribution of the characteristics of physical environment, such as thermal comfort, lighting, and the acoustic and indoor air quality throughout the entire building. This data cloud directly displays the impact of the passive space on the main building space. Its results illustrate how effectively the building’s indoor environment provides the required levels of occupant comfort and quality of life. Finally, this research uses an example of a green building in a cold climate in China to display its unique method of graphical visualisation analysis. The results highlight the level of environmental performance of the object building in two kinds of info-graphs, as well as optimised possibilities for the atrium and the entire building in both the design and renovation phases.
“…Because of the high flows of people inside urban subway station building complexes, the thermal environment (Misni, Baird, & Allan, 2013) and air quality of its internal space are of importance to people's health (Tian & Li, 2018). As intermediary rooms connecting railway traffic with building complexes, the passive design of well spaces displays a vital role in improving the indoor physical environment (J Li, 2016;Junjie Li et al, 2015;Y. Li et al, 2017;Song et al, 2015) has been testing underground air defence space for six years and has put forward a thermal acceptable temperature range for underground space .…”
With the development of urban rail transit and the requirements of urban function, the subway station building complex mode retains important utility. While urbanization is advancing rapidly in China, the construction of rail transit is also advancing at an unprecedented speed, which also poses new challenges to the spatial design of urban rail transit buildings: on the one hand, the underground space in the metro station area often has low environmental quality, while on the other hand, transit buildings account for a large proportion of urban energy consumption, and performance-oriented sustainable design deserves attention. However, due to its complicated internal space and large flow of people, problems of space quality and comfort begin to emerge. As the space connecting urban railway traffic with building complexes in this type of integrated building, well spaces display the role of delivering air, light and heat within the space. Lying between external and interior environment, this space can utilize natural resources and the environment to adjust the indoor climatic environment and boost the quality of the space. However, well spaces in many urban subway station building complexes are confronted with such defects as inferior air quality, high wind speed and lowcomfort temperature. With five urban business complexes in large-scale rail transit junction stations in Beijing as an example, this research aims to conduct a comprehensive appraisal of the physical environment in well spaces during the coldest period in Beijing by assessing eight physical qualities, including air temperature, moisture, illuminance, carbon dioxide, PM2.5. PM10, HCHO and wind speed in each, gauging the physical environment of well spaces, and combining this with a questionnaire on satisfaction of people of different ages. As for issues arising from tests of the physical qualities and the questionnaire results, possible solutions for optimizing well spaces are proposed as a reference to optimize integrated design when combining urban railway transit and building complexes.
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