Impact if Chlorpyrifos on the Second Instar Mosquito Larvae as Bioindicator in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

Pesticides are the major source of concern as water pollutants. Chlorpyrifos (CPY) (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate; CAS No. 2921-88-2). CPY is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. The aim of current study was to determine the effects of CPY on the second instar larvae of Culex mosquito as a bio-indicator of water pollution. Levels of CPY in stream water was evaluated. Toxicity of CPY was estimated on mosquito. Along with the evaluation of effects of water polluted with CPY on mosquito to predict the water pollution levels. Results showed that LC95 of CPY was 6331.30 mg/kg after 24hr and increased to 230506.4 ppm after 48hr of exposure. It was noted that the activity of CPY is concentration and time dependent. The 0.09 ppm concentration of CPY (the amount that was found in the stream water) had no effect on the second instar Culex larvae similar to the control (tap water). There is no effect after 72,96h of exposure of the population to the detected insecticide. It could be concluded that mosquito is not a bioindicator of CPY pollution at the detected level in stream water.

Impact of Crude Methanolic Extract of Melia azedarach L. on The Fecundity and The Cuticle of The Adult House Fly, Musca domestica Macq

“…It is clear from the data cited in tables (1-6) that oral administration of Melia azedarach to the adult house fly causes prolongation in the life span of the larval instar of the first generation. Eissa et al, 2020a, b, Radwan (2018 found that, application of Azadirachtin on various stages of and Spodoptera littura larvae caused larval mortality. Hashem and Youssef (1991), studied the effect of methanolic extractions of leaves and fruits of Melia azedarach L. on the house fly Musca vicina Macq.…”

“…Radwan (1999), reported that, leaves of Melia azedarach contained an unidentified feeding-deterrent and growth retardant. Eissa et al, (2020a) found that, the extracts from seeds of the neem tree Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach (L.) contain several active principles of which azadirachtin is so far, the most potent, as a feeding deterrent and a growth regulator. This extract is characterized by being relatively safe and inexpensive.…”

“…Insect growth regulatory properties acting upon physiological processes have been attributed to various fractions of neem and chinaberry oil. Eissa et al, (2020a) claimed that the triterpenoid azadirachtins, strongly interfere with the neuroendocrine control of insect hormone titers. Various adverse effects on the growth and development of Spodoptera lituralis by azadirachtin, methanol extract of kernel and neem oil have also been reported by Eissa et al, (2020b).…”

Effectiveness of Spinosad as a Larvicidal and Pupacidal Against Culex Species in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt

“…Management of mosquito species is applied by using the chemical insecticides (Cetin et al 2006;Aney et al 2018;Eissa et al 2020). However, the frequent use of high application rates of these substances is associated with serious problems, such as increase resistance of insects and detrimental effects on environment, animals and humans (Liu et al 2019;Talipouo et al 2021).…”