Impact of 3D in the training of basic laparoscopic skills and its transferability to 2D environment: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Poudel, Saseem; Kurashima, Yo; Watanabe, Yusuke; Ebihara, Yuma; Tamoto, Eiji; Murakami, Soichi; Nakamura, Tõru; Tsuchikawa, Takahiro; Okamura, Keisuke; Shichinohe, Toshiaki; Hirano, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/s00464-016-5074-8

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…We also showed that the use of a 2D monitor impaired the performance of trainees after training using 3D indicated by a longer operative time due to longer path lengths and more frequent errors. Saseem et al [ 14 ] reported similar findings, especially in complicated tasks. Our results showed that all scores for performance of task 1 (simple task) (median operative time, path length, and technical errors) in the 3D start group did not differ significantly between just before and after switching to a 2D monitor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecently to improve depth perception, the performance of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic surgeries has increased. However, the effects of laparoscopic training using 3D are still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects of using a 3D monitor among novices in the early phase of training.MethodsParticipants were 40 novices who had never performed laparoscopic surgery (20 medical students and 20 junior residents). Three laparoscopic phantom tasks (task 1: touching markers on a flat disk with a rod; task 2: straight rod transfer through a single loop; and task 3: curved rod transfer through two loops) in the training box were performed ten times, respectively. Performances were recorded by an optical position tracker. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: one group performed each task five times initially under a 2D system (2D start group), and the other group performed each task five times under a 3D system (3D start group). Both groups then performed the same task five times. After the trial, we evaluated the performance scores (operative time, path length of forceps, and technical errors) and the learning curves for both groups.ResultsScores for all tasks performed under the 3D system were significantly better than scores for tasks using the 2D system. Scores for each task in the 2D start group improved after switching to the 3D system. However, scores for each task in the 3D start group were worse after switching to the 2D system, especially scores related to technical errors.ConclusionsThe stereoscopic vision improved laparoscopic surgical techniques of novices from the early phase of training. However, the performance of novices trained only by 3D worsened by changing to the 2D environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

et al. 2017

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“…auf den GOALS-Score zu ermitteln (wie z. B. Mentoring, Video-Tutorials, 3-D-vs. 2-D-Umgebung), ist die Notwendigkeit einer größeren Fallzahl durchaus zu erwarten [34,35]. Dennoch konnte im Rahmen dieser Studie ein signifikanter Unterschied in der Präzision der MIC anhand der gewählten Fallzahl nachgewiesen werden.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Video Tutorials Increase Precision in Minimally Invasive Surgery Training – a Prospective Randomised Trial and Follow-up Study

et al. 2018

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“…Evidence suggests that superior performance during training in simulated laparoscopic tasks (i.e. faster completion times and fewer errors) can be achieved when novices use a 3D viewing mode rather than a 2D display or viewing mode [6][7][8][9]. However, several studies identified that the superior skill acquisition associated with training in 3D was not reflected in subsequent performance during testing in 2D [7,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…faster completion times and fewer errors) can be achieved when novices use a 3D viewing mode rather than a 2D display or viewing mode [6][7][8][9]. However, several studies identified that the superior skill acquisition associated with training in 3D was not reflected in subsequent performance during testing in 2D [7,[10][11][12]. Further, those trained in 2D performed at a superior level when subsequently tested in 3D [7,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several studies identified that the superior skill acquisition associated with training in 3D was not reflected in subsequent performance during testing in 2D [7,[10][11][12]. Further, those trained in 2D performed at a superior level when subsequently tested in 3D [7,[10][11][12]. Such results have been interpreted as an indication of ineffective skill transfer from 3D to 2D, and effective or increased skill transfer from 2D to 3D [7,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laparoscopic skills training: the effects of viewing mode (2D vs. 3D) on skill acquisition and transfer

et al. 2020

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Background Three-dimensional (3D) visual displays have been suggested to aid laparoscopic skills training by providing the depth cues not present in traditional two-dimensional (2D) displays. However, few studies have robustly investigated the impact of viewing mode (2D vs. 3D) on learning outcomes. Purpose To examine how viewing mode (2D vs. 3D) impacts the acquisition and transferability of basic laparoscopic skills by comparing performance between transfer and control groups on a complete proficiency-based training program. Method A counterbalanced between-subjects design was employed. Each participant was randomly allocated to one of four groups, comprising two transfer groups (trained in one viewing mode and tested in the alternate mode: the 2D → 3D and 3D → 2D groups) and two control groups (trained and tested in one viewing mode: the 2D → 2D and 3D → 3D groups). Participants completed proficiency-based training in six laparoscopic training tasks. Testing included two further repetitions of all tasks under test conditions. Objective performance measures included the total number of repetitions to reach proficiency, and total performance scores (i.e. time + error penalties across all repetitions) in training and testing. Results The groups trained in 3D demonstrated superior training performance (i.e. less time + errors) and took fewer repetitions to reach proficiency than the groups trained in 2D. The groups tested in 3D also demonstrated superior test performance compared to those tested in 2D. However, training mode did not yield significant test differences between the groups tested in 2D (i.e. 2D → 2D vs. 3D → 2D), or between the groups tested in 3D (i.e. 3D → 3D vs. 2D → 3D). Conclusion Novices demonstrate superior performance in laparoscopic skills training using a 3D viewing mode compared to 2D. However, this does not necessarily translate to superior performance in subsequent testing or enhanced learning overall. Rather, test performance appears to be dictated by the viewing mode used during testing, not that of prior training.

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Impact of 3D in the training of basic laparoscopic skills and its transferability to 2D environment: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Abstract: The 3D environment helped shorten the training time of basic laparoscopic skills to novices. However, the novices trained in the 3D environment failed to transfer their skills to the 2D environment.

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

Video Tutorials Increase Precision in Minimally Invasive Surgery Training – a Prospective Randomised Trial and Follow-up Study

Laparoscopic skills training: the effects of viewing mode (2D vs. 3D) on skill acquisition and transfer

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