Impact of 3D laparoscopic surgical training on performance in standard 2D laparoscopic simulation: a randomised prospective study

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is based on 2D imaging, with limited depth perception. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of 3D training on the performance of surgical trainees in 2D laparoscopic simulation. Methods: Thirty medical students were randomised into group A, completing five training attempts of three modified Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery tasks (peg transfer, pattern cutting, and intra-corporeal suturing) using a 3D simulator, or group B, who were only exposed to the 2D platform. Time to completion, error rate, and efficiency improvement were measured. Results: The overall performance time was lower for group A than for group B, and this was statistically significant in task 2 (P = 0.02) and task 3 (P 5 0.01). The mean error rate was lower for group A versus group B, which was statistically significant for all three tasks (task 1, 0 vs 0.2; task 2, 0.4 vs 1.8; task 3, 0.24 vs 1.1). When efficiency improvement was evaluated, group B displayed a faster rate of improvement during task 1 (132.1% vs 248.8%; P 5 0.01) and task 2 (123.9% vs 139%; P = 0.15). For task 3, group A demonstrated a superior rate of improvement (190% vs 173.1%; P = 0.2). Conclusions: Introducing 3D training is beneficial for novices to execute 2D laparoscopic skills, particularly for complex tasks where depth perception is critical. 3D-based laparoscopic training, in conjunction with standard 2D platforms, should be introduced into surgical training to facilitate quicker and better preparation before translation of these skills into clinical practice.

3D laparoscopic treatment of bladder cancer with pelvic multi-organ invasion: a case report and literature review

“…In recent years, some high-quality randomized controlled trials have shown that, compared with 2D laparoscopy, the application of 3D laparoscopy in basic operation training may shorten the duration of operation, reduce operation errors, and improve operation accuracy ( 16 – 19 ). Some researchers have studied the use of 2D and 3D laparoscopic techniques, such as grasping, cutting, suturing, and knotting, to simulate the basic operations of surgery.…”

Three-dimensional laparoscopic treatment of situs inversus totalis combined with gastric cancer: Case report with review of literature

“…Compared with 2D laparoscopy, 3D laparoscopy can restore the real 3D anatomical structure, which is mainly reflected in the shortened operation time, the reduction of operation errors and the improvement of operation accuracy. [ 18 ] Therefore, 3D laparoscopy was used in this study. In the process of conducting complex and delicate operations and the separation of important anatomical layers, the 3D images and magnified views generated a clear surgical field more clear and a strong sense of depth.…”

Short term outcomes of three dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopic cholecystectomy

“…11 These findings are similar to the findings of Almeida et al who concluded that 3D laparoscopic techniques are beneficial for naive surgeons to better understand the relations of various structures. 12 Bilgen et al have reported that 3D laparoscopic cholecystectomies are superior than 2D laparoscopic cholecystectomies. 13 …”