Impact of 5 Days of Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Performance and Muscle Energy Substances

Kasai, Nobukazu; Kojima, Chihiro; Sumi, Daichi; Takahashi, Hideyuki; Goto, Kazushige; Suzuki, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1055/s-0043-117413

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…During the main experiment, the subjects conducted two exercise trials under either hypoxic (HYPO; F i O 2 , 14.5%, equivalent to a simulated altitude of 3,000 m) or normoxic (NOR; F i O 2 , 20.9%) conditions in a randomized order. The oxygen level of hypoxia was consistent with previous studies 24 25 26 . The study was completed with a single-blind, placebo-control design, and subjects were not given any information about the selected condition.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Growing attention has been paid to the efficacy of maximal sprint training under hypoxia among athletes 4 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 19 20 24 25 26 . Among them, several studies have revealed that repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) causes further improvement in repeated sprint ability (RSA) in various types of male athletes (e. g., team-sport athletes, cyclists, cross country skiers) 4 6 9 11 12 13 16 20 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and Performance Responses to Sprint Exercise under Hypoxia among Female Athletes

Kasai

Kojima

Goto

2018

Sports Med Int Open

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The present study determined metabolic and performance responses to repeated sprint exercise under hypoxia among female team-sport athletes. Fifteen female athletes (age, 20.7±0.2 years; height, 159.6±1.7 cm; body weight, 55.3±1.4 kg) performed two exercise trials under either a hypoxic [HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen (F i O 2 ), 14.5%] or normoxic (NOR; F i O 2 , 20.9%) condition. The exercise consisted of two sets of 8×6-s maximal sprint (pedaling). The average power output was not significantly different between trials for set 1 ( P =0.89), but tended to be higher in the NOR trial for set 2 ( P =0.05). The post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the HYPO trial than that in the NOR trial ( P <0.05). Exercise significantly increased serum growth hormone (GH) and cortisol concentrations ( P <0.01 for both hormones), with no difference between the trials. In conclusion, repeated short-duration sprints interspaced with 30-s recovery periods in moderate hypoxia caused further increase in blood lactate compared with the same exercise under normoxic conditions among female team-sport athletes. However, exercise-induced GH and cortisol elevations or power output during exercise were not markedly different regardless of the different levels of inspired oxygen.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Performance Responses to Sprint Exercise under Hypoxia among Female Athletes

Kasai

Kojima

Goto

2018

Sports Med Int Open

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“…A 5–10 min rest period was inserted between components. The above protocol was designed to improve anaerobic power output in 100–200 m track and field sprinters; we previously confirmed that the training increases 10-s maximal power output and repeated sprint ability [ 26 ]. Environmental conditions during the exercise session were controlled at 22 °C and 40% humidity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Exercise Whole Body Cryotherapy (−140 °C) Increases Energy Intake in Athletes

et al. 2018

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PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatment after exercise on appetite regulation and energy intake. METHODS: Twelve male athletes participated in two trials on different days. In both trials, participants performed high-intensity intermittent exercise. After 10 min following the completion of the exercise, they were exposed to a 3-min WBC treatment (−140 °C, WBC trial) or underwent a rest period (CON trial). Blood samples were collected to assess plasma acylated ghrelin, serum leptin, and other metabolic hormone concentrations. Respiratory gas parameters, skin temperature, and ratings of subjective variables were also measured after exercise. At 30 min post-exercise, energy and macronutrient intake were evaluated during an ad libitum buffet meal test. RESULTS: Although appetite-regulating hormones (acylated ghrelin and leptin) significantly changed with exercise (p = 0.047 for acylated ghrelin and p < 0.001 for leptin), no significant differences were observed between the trials. Energy intake during the buffet meal test was significantly higher in the WBC trial (1371 ± 481 kcal) than the CON trial (1106 ± 452 kcal, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Cold exposure using WBC following strenuous exercise increased energy intake in male athletes.

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“…One previous study reported that performance during a single Wingate effort improved when assessed 9 days but not 2 days after the hypoxic training intervention (Hendriksen and Meeuwsen, 2003). Two other studies using trained sprinters reported that 5 to 6 consecutive days of hypoxic training composed of RW (repeated maximal sprints of 15-30 s) and repeated sprint training (repeated maximal 6-s sprints) failed to induce improvement in single Wingate effort 3 days after the intervention (Kasai et al, 2017(Kasai et al, , 2019. Since performance was not assessed in the first few days or several weeks after the intervention, immediate and long-term consequences of our intervention are unknown.…”

Section: Performance Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short-Term Repeated Wingate Training in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Sprinters

Takei

Kakinoki²,

Girard

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Repeated Wingate efforts (RW) represent an effective training strategy for improving exercise capacity. Living low-training high altitude/hypoxic training methods, that upregulate muscle adaptations, are increasingly popular. However, the benefits of RW training in hypoxia compared to normoxia on performance and accompanying physiological adaptations remain largely undetermined. Our intention was to test the hypothesis that RW training in hypoxia provides additional performance benefits and more favorable physiological responses than equivalent training in normoxia. Twelve male runners (university sprinters) completed six RW training sessions (3 × 30-s Wingate "all-out" efforts with 4.5-min recovery) in either hypoxia (FiO 2 : 0.145, n = 6) or normoxia (FiO 2 : 0.209, n = 6) over 2 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants underwent a RW performance test (3 × 30-s Wingate "all-out" efforts with 4.5-min recovery). Peak power output, mean power output, and total work for the three exercise bouts were determined. A capillary blood sample was taken for analyzing blood lactate concentration (BLa) 3 min after each of the three efforts. Peak power output (+ 11.3 ± 23.0%, p = 0.001), mean power output (+ 6.6 ± 6.8%, p = 0.001), and total work (+ 6.3 ± 5.4% p = 0.016) significantly increased from pre-to post-training, independently of condition. The time × group × interval interaction was significant (p = 0.05) for BLa. Compared to Pre-tests, BLa values during post-test were higher (+ 8.7 ± 10.3%) after about 2 in the normoxic group, although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.08). Contrastingly, BLa values were lower (albeit not significantly) during post-compared to pre-tests after bout 2 (−9.3 ± 8.6%; p = 0.08) and bout 3 (−9.1 ± 10.7%; p = 0.09) in the hypoxic group. In conclusion, six RW training sessions over 2 weeks significantly improved RW performance, while training in hypoxia had no additional benefit over normoxia. However, accompanying BLa responses tended to be lower in the hypoxic group, while an opposite pattern was observed in the normoxic group. This indicates that different glycolytic and/or oxidative pathway adaptations were probably at play.

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Impact of 5 Days of Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Performance and Muscle Energy Substances

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Metabolic and Performance Responses to Sprint Exercise under Hypoxia among Female Athletes

Metabolic and Performance Responses to Sprint Exercise under Hypoxia among Female Athletes

Post-Exercise Whole Body Cryotherapy (−140 °C) Increases Energy Intake in Athletes

Short-Term Repeated Wingate Training in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Sprinters

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