Impact of a diet and activity health promotion intervention on regional patterns of DNA methylation

Abstract

Background: Studies demonstrate the impact of diet and physical activity on epigenetic biomarkers, specifically DNA methylation. However, no intervention studies have examined the combined impact of dietary and activity changes on the blood epigenome. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the Make Better Choices 2 (MBC2) healthy diet and activity intervention on patterns of epigenome-wide DNA methylation. The MBC2 study was a 9-month randomized controlled trial among adults aged 18-65 with non-optimal levels of health behaviors. The study compared three 12-week interventions to (1) simultaneously increase exercise and fruit/ vegetable intake, while decreasing sedentary leisure screen time; (2) sequentially increase fruit/vegetable intake and decrease leisure screen time first, then increase exercise; (3) increase sleep and decrease stress (control). We collected blood samples at baseline, 3 and 9 months, and measured DNA methylation using the Illumina EPIC (850 k) BeadChip. We examined region-based differential methylation patterns using linear regression models with the false discovery rate of 0.05. We also conducted pathway analysis using gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and IPA canonical pathway databases. Results: We found no differences between the MBC2 population (n = 340) and the subsample with DNA methylation measured (n = 68) on baseline characteristics or the impact of the intervention on behavior change. We identified no differentially methylated regions at baseline between the control versus intervention groups. At 3 versus 9 months, we identified 154 and 298 differentially methylated regions, respectively, between controls compared to pooled samples from sequential and simultaneous groups. In the GO database, we identified two gene ontology terms related to hemophilic cell adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. In IPA analysis, we found pathways related to carcinogenesis including PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, sonic hedgehog, and p53 signaling. We observed an overlap between 3 and 9 months, including the GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis I, methylmalonyl metabolism, and estrogen-mediated cell cycle regulation pathways. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the MBC2 diet and physical activity intervention impacts patterns of DNA methylation in gene regions related to cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. Future studies will examine DNA methylation as a biomarker to identify populations that may particularly benefit from incorporating health behavior change into plans for precision prevention.

Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Biological Aging, a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

“…Consistently, data from other population-based cohorts previously showed a favourable association between polyphenol-rich diets with various markers of aging, including telomere length [ 25 ], cognitive decline [ 35 ] and DNA methylation [ 36 ], that are susceptible to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of plant-based diets.…”

Function, Proteomic and miRomic Study of a Dry Immersion Model of Microgravity implicates the Wnt/Dkk1/AXIN1 axis in Prothrombotic Platelet Phenotype

“…Epigenetic variation could be a potential mechanism allowing for independent or perhaps synergistic effects of physical inactivity on platelet function. Hibler et al recently described indications for epigenetic variation and miRNA expression as a link between physical activity and sedentary lifestyle [79]. We hypothesised that an epigenetic adaptation to physical inactivity is also present inducing epigenetic changes in megakaryocytopoiesis and altered platelet phenotypes.…”

Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health

“…Although it is reasonable to expect that, in the future, disease prevention and treatment will be formulated at the individual level according to genomics features, at present, the major challenge for public health genomics is represented by the advance of the scientific evidence necessary to demonstrate if and when the use of genomic information in public health can improve health outcomes in a safe, effective, and cost-effective manner, also taking into account the ethical, legal, and social issues [104]. Further studies will examine epigenetic signatures as biomarkers to identify populations that may particularly benefit from incorporating health behavior changes into plans for precision medicine [105].…”