Impact of a hormone‐releasing intrauterine system on the vaginal microbiome: a prospective baboon model

Hashway, Sara A.; Bergin, Ingrid L.; Bassis, Christine M.; Uchihashi, Mayu; Schmidt, Kelsey; Young, Vincent B.; Aronoff, David M.; Patton, Dorothy L.; Bell, Jason D.

doi:10.1111/jmp.12090

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Even though there was considerable intraspecific variation of vaginal microbiomes among NHPs in this study (alpha diversity, Supplementary Table S1) and others (Rivera et al, 2010;Hashway et al, 2014), interspecific differences exceed intraspecific diversity. Despite exhibiting the lowest richness, the human vaginal microbiome showed a significantly broader degree of dispersion in beta diversity (Supplementary Figure S6), suggesting the presence of individuals with highly distinct microbial compositions within this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

et al. 2014

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Bacterial communities colonizing the reproductive tracts of primates (including humans) impact the health, survival and fitness of the host, and thereby the evolution of the host species. Despite their importance, we currently have a poor understanding of primate microbiomes. The composition and structure of microbial communities vary considerably depending on the host and environmental factors. We conducted comparative analyses of the primate vaginal microbiome using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of a phylogenetically broad range of primates to test for factors affecting the diversity of primate vaginal ecosystems. The nine primate species included: humans (Homo sapiens), yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus), olive baboons (Papio anubis), lemurs (Propithecus diadema), howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops), mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Our results indicated that all primates exhibited host-specific vaginal microbiota and that humans were distinct from other primates in both microbiome composition and diversity. In contrast to the gut microbiome, the vaginal microbiome showed limited congruence with host phylogeny, and neither captivity nor diet elicited substantial effects on the vaginal microbiomes of primates. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance and Wilcoxon tests revealed correlations among vaginal microbiota and host species-specific socioecological factors, particularly related to sexuality, including: female promiscuity, baculum length, gestation time, mating group size and neonatal birth weight. The proportion of unclassified taxa observed in nonhuman primate samples increased with phylogenetic distance from humans, indicative of the existence of previously unrecognized microbial taxa. These findings contribute to our understanding of host-microbe variation and coevolution, microbial biogeography, and disease risk, and have important implications for the use of animal models in studies of human sexual and reproductive diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

et al. 2014

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“…The differences between humans and NHPs include the vaginal pH (acidic in humans (pH < 4.5)22 and acidic-alkaline in baboons (pH = 5.5–6.524), the anatomy of the utero-cervical junction (sharp anterflexio in women compared to “scarcely noticeable” ventroflexio in baboons)25, and increased diversity of microbial communities in baboons compared to humans24. Interestingly, microbial diversity in primates is determined by the size of the vagina (or baculum length)8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Dysbiosis from an Evolutionary Perspective

Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch

Gygax

Dick

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Evolutionary approaches are powerful tools for understanding human disorders. The composition of vaginal microbiome is important for reproductive success and has not yet been characterized in the contexts of social structure and vaginal pathology in non-human primates (NHPs). We investigated vaginal size, vulvovaginal pathology and the presence of the main human subtypes of Lactobacillus spp./ BV-related species in the vaginal microflora of baboons (Papio spp.). We performed morphometric measurements of external and internal genitalia (group I, n = 47), analyzed pathology records of animals from 1999–2015 (group II, n = 64 from a total of 12,776), and evaluated vaginal swabs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (group III, n = 14). A total of 68 lesions were identified in 64 baboons. Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera I, and Megasphaera II were not detected. L. jensenii, L. crispatus, and L. gasseri were detected in 2/14 (14.2%), 1/14 (7.1%), and 1/14 (7.1%) samples, respectively. BVAB2 was detected in 5/14 (35.7%) samples. The differences in the vaginal milieu between NHP and humans might be the factor associated with human-specific pattern of placental development and should be taken in consideration in NHP models of human pharmacology and microbiology.

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“…Baboons have already been used on a wide variety of reproductive studies, including pregnancy [40, 41, 42, 43,] fetal development [44, 45,] pharmacokinetics of compounds in pregnancy [46, 47,] abortifactant drugs [48,]nutrient restriction and the maternal/fetal relationship [49,] genetics [50,] endometriosis [51, 52,] hormonal [14, 16, 21, 53, 54, 55, 56,] temporary contraception [57, 58,] embryonic stem cells and ART [13,] pathology [59, 60,] and permanent contraception [18.] Their temperament and similarities to human anatomy warrant their continued use for reproductive studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The baboon (Papio sp.) as a model for female reproduction studies

Bauer¹

2015

Contraception

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Due to their size and anatomical similarity to humans, baboons make an excellent model for reproductive studies. Baboons have a simple short cervix, muscular uterus, ovaries just lateral to the uterus, and similar vasculature to that of humans. Because of the size of the animals, instruments designed for use in women can be readily used on baboons. Noninvasive determination of phase of estrous cycle is readily made by observation of changes in perineal sexual skin turgor and color. Some advantages of use of baboons compared to other nonhuman primates is that they are non-seasonal breeders, allowing for studies to be conducted year-round, have minimal infectious disease risks to humans as they do not carry Herpes B, and have a social structure allowing for easy group formation. Baboons serve as good models for many conditions in humans and should be considered for studies investigating reproductive issues.

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Impact of a hormone‐releasing intrauterine system on the vaginal microbiome: a prospective baboon model

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

Vaginal Dysbiosis from an Evolutionary Perspective

The baboon (Papio sp.) as a model for female reproduction studies

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