Impact of a Mixed Ocean Layer and the Diurnal Cycle on Convective Aggregation

Tompkins, Adrian M.; Semie, Addisu Gezahegn

doi:10.1029/2020ms002186

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Shamekh et al (2020) showed how the divergence out of cool SST dry zones can aid in the aggregation process. Tompkins and Semie (2021) showed how aggregation can affect the diurnal signature of convection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Radiative Convective Equilibrium With a Slab Ocean: SST Contrast, Sensitivity and Circulation

Hartmann

2022

JGR Atmospheres

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Sea surface temperature (SST) contrast within the tropics has received increasing interest because of its apparent role in the pattern effect on climate sensitivity (Andrews et al., 2018;Zhou et al., 2016) and because the maximum tropical SST plays such an important role in setting the state of the tropical atmosphere, which has near global effects (Dong et al., 2019). The interaction of the atmosphere with the tropical ocean currents can have a large impact on the SST structure within the tropics. Climate models suggest that weakening of the strength of tropical overturning with warming can project strongly onto the east-west Walker Circulation in the tropical Pacific Ocean, leading to variations in the strength of upwelling in the equatorial Pacific (Knutson & Manabe, 1995;Vecchi & Soden, 2007). A weakening of the Walker Circulation with warming might lead to a reduction in the SST contrast, but other arguments suggest that SST contrast associated with tropical upwelling should increase in a warming Earth (

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confidence: 99%

Global Radiative Convective Equilibrium With a Slab Ocean: SST Contrast, Sensitivity and Circulation

Hartmann

2022

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The calibration of our model, based on approximately six days of the observational data set (section 3.2), resulted in most likely values of the model parameters κ, µ, and α. In the following, we investigate how the temperature dynamics of this calibrated model compare to both observations and a reference slab model which is commonly used in atmospheric simulations (Hohenegger & Stevens, 2016;Coppin & Bony, 2017;Tompkins & Semie, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To implement a responsive SST, a common choice is to model the upper ocean as a single-layer slab with fixed heat capacity, which absorbs and re-emits heat according to parameterized surface fluxes. Several studies have coupled a slab ocean to cloudresolving simulations, reporting overall that a responsive SST slows down or even prevents the onset of convective aggregation (Hohenegger & Stevens, 2016;Coppin & Bony, 2017;Tompkins & Semie, 2021;Wing et al, 2017). In this paper, we show that such slab models are inadequate to describe diurnal SST warming realistically, as they fail to capture its wind-dependence by neglecting vertical oceanic heat transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Since our model is intended for use in studies of atmospheric convection, it is interesting to see how it compares to slab ocean models that have previously been used as an interactive sea surface for cloud-resolving simulations (Hohenegger & Stevens, 2016;Coppin & Bony, 2017;Tompkins & Semie, 2021). This analysis will show that slab ocean models are insufficient to capture the wind-dependent variability of diurnal SST.…”

Section: Comparison With Standard Slab Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling wind-responsive diurnal sea surface temperature for cloud-resolving simulations

Börner¹,

Haerter²,

Fiévet³

2022

Preprint

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In the tropical ocean, diurnal sea surface warming can reach more than 3°C on calm days, but the amplitude of warming decreases exponentially with increasing wind speed.• Single-layer slab ocean models with fixed heat capacity, as used in idealized simulations of the tropical atmosphere, cannot capture this wind dependence. • This article presents an idealized model of diurnal SST warming that reproduces observations and is suited as an interactive boundary condition for highresolution atmospheric models.

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“…To eliminate the flaws of the prescribed SST gradient, we introduce a mixed-layer slab ocean in our framework. With the interactive SST, CA is delayed or broken down because of air-sea coupling (Bretherton et al, 2005; Y.-T. Hohenegger & Stevens, 2016;Reed et al, 2015;Tompkins & Semie, 2021), also known as convection-SST feedback (CSF, Grabowski [2006]). As the time proceeds following the scenario in Figure 1a with the interactive SST, convection will reduce the shortwave radiative heating of the ocean and enhance wind-induced surface fluxes, and both processes cool SST in the convective region.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Framework to Evaluate Convective Aggregation: Examples With Different Microphysics Schemes

Huang

2022

JGR Atmospheres

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This study introduces a modeling framework to evaluate convective aggregation (CA) under radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations using the vector vorticity equation cloud‐resolving model (VVM) coupled to a mixed‐layer slab ocean. The framework introduces the competing effects between the convection‐sea surface temperature (SST) feedback (CSF) and the moisture‐convection feedback (MCF) by modifying the initial SST gradient and the mixed layer depth. Examples of applying this framework are demonstrated by comparing simulations with different microphysics schemes. The conventional five‐category scheme (VVM‐Lin) and the predicted particle properties scheme (P3) are examined by the matrix formed by these two factors. A clear bifurcation of the aggregated/non‐aggregated states can be identified in both sets of experiments. The change of the bifurcation between two sets of experiments suggests that the P3 experiments tend to develop CA due to the stronger MCF. The budget analysis of spatial frozen moist static energy variance is applied to quantify the stronger MCF in the P3 simulations. Convective systems in P3 simulations develop more organized structures, which enhances MCF and leads to CA. The proposed modeling framework provides a reconciled view of the process‐based evaluation of CA among cloud‐resolving models that use different dynamics and physical parameterizations.

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Impact of a Mixed Ocean Layer and the Diurnal Cycle on Convective Aggregation

Cited by 17 publications

References 111 publications

Global Radiative Convective Equilibrium With a Slab Ocean: SST Contrast, Sensitivity and Circulation

Global Radiative Convective Equilibrium With a Slab Ocean: SST Contrast, Sensitivity and Circulation

Modeling wind-responsive diurnal sea surface temperature for cloud-resolving simulations

A Framework to Evaluate Convective Aggregation: Examples With Different Microphysics Schemes

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