Impact of a multimodal intervention on the psychological profile of schizophrenic and bipolar I patients: A study of PRISMA programme

The influence of stage of illness on functional outcomes after psychological treatment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review

“…43 Two additional studies found that controlling for proxies at baseline altered the significance of improvements to general functioning post-intervention. [44][45][46] However, other studies have found that improvements to QoL 47,48 or functioning 49 were not moderated by variables employed as proxies of stage within this review. While inconsistent in methods and results, these data provide additional support for the hypothesis that proxies of stage may influence the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, and in parallel with the between-study analyses at the core of this review, support was strongest for functional outcomes.…”

“…The review identified some interventions which appear to improve functional outcomes for those in the earlier stages, without consistent benefit in the later stages and, additionally, some interventions which may have benefits into the later stage. For general/social functioning, our results suggest that some intervention types which were effective in the earlier stage, such as PE [52][53][54][55][56] and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or cognitive therapy (CT), 44,[57][58][59][60][61][62] were frequently found to have minimal benefits for those in the later stage. 45,46,51,[63][64][65][66][67] While there are some inconsistencies, it appears that interventions specifically targeting general/social functioning, including metacognitive training, 68 functional remediation 28,29,69 and less consistently, cognitive remediation 43 may be beneficial for improving general/ social functioning in the later stage.…”