Impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet on anthropometrics, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits in obese men displaying a high or a low satiety phenotype

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet in men displaying various degrees of satiety efficiency. In all, sixty-nine obese men aged 41·5 (sd 5·7) years were randomly assigned to a control (10-15, 55-60 and 30 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively; n 34) or satiating (20-25, 45-50 and 30-35 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively; n 35) diet for 16 weeks, and were classified as having a low (LSP) or high (HSP) satiety phenotype. Both diets were consumed ad libitum. Changes in body weight, BMI, percent fat mass, waist circumference, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits were assessed following the intervention. Dropout rates were higher in the control diet (44·1 %) compared with the satiating diet (8·6 %). Decreases in body weight, BMI and waist circumference were significant in both groups, yet HSP individuals lost more body weight than LSP individuals (P=0·048). Decreases in % fat mass were greater in the satiating diet (LSP: -2·1 (sd 2·1) %; P<0·01 and HSP: -3·0 (sd 2·5) %; P<0·001) compared with the control diet (LSP: -1·1 (sd 2·5) % and HSP: -1·3 (sd 2·6) %) (P=0·034). Satiety responsiveness was markedly improved in the satiating diet, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. Changes in dietary restraint (+3·3 (sd 2·9) to +7·2 (sd 5·5)), flexible control (+0·9 (sd 1·4) to +2·3 (sd 2·7)), rigid control (+2·2 (sd 1·5) to +2·5 (sd 2·8)), disinhibition (-2·8 (sd 3·7) to -3·2 (sd 2·6)) and susceptibility to hunger (-2·7 (sd 4·1) to -4·6 (sd 3·9)) were similar between the diets. Compared with the control diet, the satiating diet favoured adherence, decreased % fat mass and improved satiety responsiveness in both HSP and LSP individuals.

Women with a low-satiety phenotype show impaired appetite control and greater resistance to weight loss

“…Lower weight loss in the LSP is consistent with one previous study in men, which reported that the LSP lost less weight over 16-weeks compared to the HSP (15) . The differences in weight loss between satiety phenotypes were similar across studies (current study: -3.1% versus -6.4%, previous study: -3•3 to -4 3 % versus −5 4 to −6 6 %).…”

“…The current analysis differs to the previous analyses (which reported effects for the overall sample), by focusing specifically on satiety phenotypes. Based on previous research (15) power calculations in G*Power with an of 0.05 and power of 0.80 showed that a sample size of 54 participants would be sufficient to detect significant differences in weight change between satiety phenotypes (23) . Ninety-six women who were overweight or obese and had recently enrolled in a weight loss program were recruited.…”

“…Higher SQ scores (greater satiating efficiency) have been found to correspond with lower energy intake (EI) in laboratory and free-living settings (12,13) . Based on SQ scores, individuals can be categorised as either low or high satiety behavioural phenotypes (LSP, HSP) (11,14,15) . These satiety phenotypes have been shown to differ on psychological (11,14) , metabolic (14) and behavioural outcomes (11) .…”

“…Moreover, the impact of the LSP on weight loss is unclear. One study in men reported that the LSP lost less body weight after a 16-week diet compared to the HSP (15) . Whereas another study using male and female participants reported no effects of the LSP on weight change (22) .…”

Dietary Fibres and the Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: The RESOLVE Study

“…Thus, up to now, the characteristics of a healthy diet/body weight reducing program include a low to moderate total, and saturated, lipid intake, and an increase in the relative consumption of protein and of high-fiber, low-GI carbohydrate foods. Recently, we tested the impact of a regimen integrating these features and found that it successfully accentuated body weight loss, while facilitating appetite control in individuals with a low satiety phenotype [ 15 ]. However, this type of study does not permit identifying which constituent of the macronutrient family has the greatest potential to influence energy balance in this context.…”