Impact of a Photodiode’s Angular Characteristics on RSS-Based VLP Accuracy

Bastiaens, Sander; Raes, Willem; Stevens, Nobby; Martens, Luc; Joseph, Wout; David, Paul A.

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2991298

Cited by 12 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A Thorlabs PDA36A2 ( ) is placed horizontally opposite to the LED under consideration at

distance, unless otherwise specified. The PD in combination with National Instrument’s USB-6212 DAQ device measures

(100 times for a number of samples

at a rate

and with a

transimpedance gain) [ 21 ]. The LEDs’ CF is identified via peak detection on the 100 times averaged pseudospectrum, obtained by running the well-known algorithm MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) [ 20 ] on the

time series.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chip on board (COB) LEDs, of which BXRE-35E2000-C-73 ( ) is the considered example shown in Figure 1 d, are favoured in VLP as their resemblance to Lambertian radiating point sources allows an easy localisation [ 21 ]. Coupling 2 different BXRE LEDs with the same high-end HLG-40H-48A ( ) ( Figure 1 c) constant current regulator of MEAN WELL results in the green pseudospectra of Figure 3 .…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positioning methods of the next Section 2.5 employ the set of per LED received radiant powers

as input, i.e., as RSS values. The individual power contributions

are derived from their photovoltage variants

after division by the transimpedance gain (leading to the photocurrent magnitudes

) and subsequently by the receiver responsivity [ 21 ].

are in turn demodulated from the total photocurrent

.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, as is frequent in literature [ 2 ], the infrared propagation models of Kahn et al [ 27 ] will serve as the VLP channel models for converting the

sets into positioning estimates. The description of Kahn’s models is the same as in our previous work [ 21 ]. A

receiver angular acceptance is assumed [ 21 ].…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The (frequency) dependence and/or stability of the CF with respect to driving current amplitude or pulse-width modulation dimming is reported. Secondly, based on 2 large datasets collected, the positioning performance of uVLP and regular VLP is experimentally compared in a

(length × width × height) room equipped with a 4-LED constellations [ 21 ]. Finally, simulations are performed to evaluate the aptitude of uVLP in higher-ceiling (i.e., industrial) environments and to identify the minimal CF magnitude required for accurate positioning in noisy environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Study on Light Signals of Opportunity for Subdecimetre Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning

Bastiaens

Deprez

Martens

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

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Currently, visible light positioning (VLP) enabling an illumination infrastructure requires a costly retrofit. Intensity modulation systems not only necessitate changes to the internal LED driving module, but decrease the LEDs’ radiant flux as well. This hinders the infrastructure’s ability to meet the maintained illuminance standards. Ideally, the LEDs could be left unmodulated, i.e., unmodulated VLP (uVLP). uVLP systems, inherently low-cost, exploit the characteristics of the light signals of opportunity (LSOOP) to infer a position. In this paper, it is shown that proper signal processing allows using the LED’s characteristic frequency (CF) as a discriminative feature in photodiode (PD)-based received signal strength (RSS) uVLP. This manuscript investigates and compares the aptitude of (future) RSS-based uVLP and VLP systems in terms of their feasibility, cost and accuracy. It demonstrates that CF-based uVLP exhibits an acceptable loss of accuracy compared to (regular) VLP. For point source-like LEDs, uVLP only worsens the trilateration-based median p50 and 90th percentile root-mean-square error p90 from 5.3cm to 7.9cm (+50%) and from 9.6cm to 15.6cm (+62%), in the 4m × 4m room under consideration. A large experimental validation shows that employing a robust model-based fingerprinting localisation procedure, instead of trilateration, further boosts uVLP’s p50 and p90 accuracy to 5.0cm and 10.6cm. When collating with VLP’s p50=3.5cm and p90=6.8cm, uVLP exhibits a comparable positioning performance at a significantly lower cost and at a higher maintained illuminance, all of which underline uVLP’s high adoption potential. With this work, a significant step is taken towards the development of an accurate and low-cost tracking system.

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“…A Thorlabs PDA36A2 ( ) is placed horizontally opposite to the LED under consideration at

distance, unless otherwise specified. The PD in combination with National Instrument’s USB-6212 DAQ device measures

(100 times for a number of samples

at a rate

and with a

time series.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positioning methods of the next Section 2.5 employ the set of per LED received radiant powers

as input, i.e., as RSS values. The individual power contributions

are derived from their photovoltage variants

after division by the transimpedance gain (leading to the photocurrent magnitudes

) and subsequently by the receiver responsivity [ 21 ].

are in turn demodulated from the total photocurrent

.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, as is frequent in literature [ 2 ], the infrared propagation models of Kahn et al [ 27 ] will serve as the VLP channel models for converting the

sets into positioning estimates. The description of Kahn’s models is the same as in our previous work [ 21 ]. A

receiver angular acceptance is assumed [ 21 ].…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Study on Light Signals of Opportunity for Subdecimetre Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning

Bastiaens

Deprez

Martens

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Toward Indoor Simulations of OPV Cells for Visible Light Communication and Energy Harvesting

Santos,

Julien-Vergonjanne,

Dkhil

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The massive deployment of IoT connected devices brings up different modern problems, such as radiofrequency spectrum saturation and energetic requirements. Organic photovoltaics are good candidates for indoor energy harvesting and data reception in a simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer scenario applied for IoT, at which the non-directive channel significantly contributes to the optical system performance. However, achieving the channel impulse response of diffuse links requires complex numerical approaches. This article presents the first ever OPV model used in a Monte-Carlo ray-tracing simulation, associated to theoretical and experimental validation. Finally, for the first time, an optical simulation with an OPV receiver is realized in a cubic environment, from which the received optical power and generated current distributions were obtained. Results show that the employed OPV is suited for indoor energy harvesting to supply low power IoT nodes, and with proper dedicated front-end, could manage to receive optical data in a SLIPT scenario.

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Experimental Assessment of the Accuracy of Modulated and Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning

Bastiaens

Deprez

Martens

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)

Self Cite

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To feature a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) illumination infrastructure as a received signal strength (RSS)-based Visible Light Positioning (VLP) system's beacons, each LED's driver currently needs to be retrofitted. As a consequence of the intensity modulation (IM) retrofit, the LEDs' average radiant flux decreases. To remain adherent to the required illuminance levels, additional LED sources are required, which significantly raises the roll-out cost. The goal of unmodulated VLP (uVLP) is to refrain from modulating the LEDs by exploiting an inherent characteristic of the LEDs' light signals, namely the characteristic frequency (CF). This paper shows the aptitude of using the spectral magnitude at the CF to infer accurate positioning in photodiode (PD)-based RSS uVLP. Compared to regular VLP, uVLP displays a limited increase in median and 90 th percentile root-mean-square error of 3.52 cm (8.72 cm vs. 5.20 cm) and 7.54 cm (16.96 cm vs. 9.42 cm) respectively, during trilateration in a 4 m by 4 m lab setup. This shows uVLP's potential as an indoor localisation system.

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Impact of a Photodiode’s Angular Characteristics on RSS-Based VLP Accuracy

Abstract: This work was executed within LEDsTrack, a research project bringing together academic researchers and industry partners. The LEDsTrack project was co-financed by imec (iMinds) and received project support from Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship.

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

A Comprehensive Study on Light Signals of Opportunity for Subdecimetre Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning

A Comprehensive Study on Light Signals of Opportunity for Subdecimetre Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning

Toward Indoor Simulations of OPV Cells for Visible Light Communication and Energy Harvesting

Experimental Assessment of the Accuracy of Modulated and Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning

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