Impact of a Ration Negative in Dietary Cation–Anion Difference and Varying Calcium Supply Fed before Calving on Colostrum Quality of the Dams and Health Status and Growth Performance of the Calves

Rajaeerad, Abbas; Ghorbani, G.R.; Khorvash, M.; Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi, A.; Mahdavi, Amir Hossein; Rashidi, Saman; Wilkens, Mirja R.; Hünerberg, Martin

doi:10.3390/ani10091465

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Treatment did not affect BW of calves at birth. The same lack of effect of prepartum DCAD on birth BW has been previously shown in cows fed different levels of negative DCAD (Collazos et al, 2017;Diehl et al, 2018) or when comparing positive with negative DCAD (Weich et al, 2013;Rajaeerad et al, 2020). Dams in all 3 treatments received the prepartum diet for a mean of 22 d, and treatment did not affect intake of milk or starter grain DM, nor growth performance of calves in the preweaning period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Both nutrient intake and morbidity affect growth in calves, and the fact that treatment had no effect in either explains the lack of differences in daily BW gain and final BW of calves on d 56. Rajaeerad et al (2020) showed that feeding an acidogenic diet prepartum did not affect daily BW or feed conversion ratio in calves in the first 70 d of life; however, calves born to dams fed the acidogenic compared with the alkalogenic diet had lower mean BW in the first 55 d because of differences in wk 1 and 2 after birth. After weaning on d 55 of age, BW on d 70 did not differ between calves born to dams fed the acidogenic or the alkalogenic diet (Rajaeerad et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Zimpel

Marinho

Almeida

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives were to determine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) fed to pregnant cows during the last 22 d of gestation on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, growth, and health preweaning. A total of 132 nulliparous Holstein cows were enrolled at 250 (248 to 253) d of gestation in a randomized block design. Cows were blocked by genomic merit of energy-corrected milk yield and assigned randomly to diets varying in DCAD: +200 (P200, n = 43), −50 (N50, n = 45), or −150 (N150, n = 44) mEq/kg of dry matter (DM). Newborn calves (15 males and 28 females in P200, 22 males and 23 females in N50, and 18 males and 26 females in N150) were followed for the first 7 or 56 d of age if males or females, respectively. Measures of acid-base balance and concentrations of minerals in blood were measured in all calves on d 0 before colostrum feeding, and on d 1, 3, and 7. Each calf was fed 3.78 L of colostrum from the respective treatment, and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was determined. All calves were weighed at birth, and females were weighed again at 21, 42, and 56 d of age. Concentrations in serum of total calcium (tCa), total magnesium (tMg), and total phosphorus (tP) were measured up to 56 d of age; intakes of milk and starter grain DM were measured daily from 21 to 56 d of age; and incidence of disease was recorded for the first 56 d of age in females. Treatment did not affect acid-base balance measured in all calves. Calves were born with metabolic and respiratory acidosis, which reversed by 1 d of age. In the first 24 h after birth, blood pH increased from 7.215 to 7.421 and bicarbonate from 26.2 to 31.7 mM, whereas partial pressure of CO 2 decreased from 64.1 to 48.7 mm of Hg in all treatments. Maternal DCAD did not affect colostrum IgG content fed to calves (P200 = 95.0 vs. N50 = 91.0 vs. N150 = 97.1 ± 4.1 g/L) or apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (P200 = 33.1 vs. N50 = 33.1 vs. N150 = 34.2 ± 1.9%). Males were born heavier than females, but maternal DCAD did not affect birth weight of all calves (P200 = 37.7 vs. N50 = 37.3 vs. N150 = 37.8 ± 0.7 kg) or daily weight gain in females in the first 56 d of life (P200 = 0.80 vs. N50 = 0.81 vs. N150 = 0.77 ± 0.03 kg/d). Treatment did not affect intake of milk (P200 = 1.11 vs. N50 = 1.04 vs. N150 = 1.19 ± 0.06 kg/d) or starter grain DM (P200 = 0.27 vs. N50 = 0.27 vs. N150 = 0.21 ± 0.06 kg/d), or measures of feed efficiency. Treatment did not affect concentrations of minerals in serum, morbidity, or age at morbidity. Manipulating the DCAD of pregnant nulliparous dams during late gestation did not affect offspring performance in the first 2 mo of age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Zimpel

Marinho

Almeida

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Meanwhile, Svensson and Liberg (2006) demonstrated that dam parity was not associated with the BRD incidence rate in calves [20]. Birth weight is reported to be affected by other factors, including dam management during the dry period and genetic predisposition [29,31,34]. The influence of other factors on birth weight may have masked the effect of dam parity on BRD risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such discordance might be explained by the differences in the climate in these study areas. In Ontario, Minnesota, and Tokachi, harsh winters, cold stress, and poor ventilation within the calf barns could be significant risk factors for the incidence of BRD [ 34 ]. In contrast, temperate weather in summer prompted open calf barns, which provided good ventilation with less cold stress and decreased the risk of BRD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Bayesian network analysis of the relationship between bovine respiratory disease and management practices in dairy heifer calves at pre-weaning stage

et al. 2021

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Background Nursery farms that accept nursing and growing pre-weaned heifer calves from private dairy farms must work to prevent bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Knowledge of the BRD-associated risk factors related to calf management and calves’ condition will help to develop appropriate neonatal management practices at original farms and to identify calves at higher risk for BRD at nursery farms. In this study, the relationship between BRD and calf management practices (colostrum feeding, dam parity, serum total protein concentration at introduction (TP), body weight at introduction, introduction season, and daily average growth) was investigated using observational data from pre-weaned dairy calves introduced into a nursery farm in Hokkaido, Japan between 2014 and 2018 (n = 3185). Using additive Bayesian network (ABN) analysis, which is a multivariate statistical modelling approach, the direct and indirect associations between these factors were assessed. Results Colostrum feeding contributed to an increase in TP (correlation 1.02 [95 % CI, 0.94;1.10]), which was negatively associated with BRD directly (log odds ratio − 0.38 [− 0.46;−0.31]) and indirectly through increasing daily growth (correlation 0.12 [0.09;0.16]). Calves of multiparous dams had higher body weight at introduction (correlation 0.82 [0.74;0.89]), which indirectly reduced BRD risk through the increasing daily growth (correlation 0.17 [0.14;0.21]). Calves introduced during winter had the highest risk for BRD (log odds ratio 0.29 [0.15;0.44]), while those introduced in summer had the lowest risk (log odds ratio − 0.91 [− 1.06;−0.75]). The introduction season was also associated with BRD indirectly through dam parity, body weight at introduction, and daily growth. Conclusions The following calf management practices are recommended for preventing BRD in pre-weaned calves at nursery farms: (1) encouraging colostrum feeding to neonatal calves at their original farms; and (2) identifying calves with higher BRD risk, i.e., those without feeding colostrum, born to primiparous cattle, with low body weight at introduction, and/or introduced in winter, and paying intensive attention to the calves for rapid detection of BRD. ABN analysis applied enabled us to understand the complex inter-relationships between BRD incidence and the risk factors, which will help to reduce BRD incidence and to rear healthy calves at nursery farms.

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“…Studies have shown that the effects of feeding negative-DCAD diets for an extensive time prior to calving have minimal negative effects on the cow [83,84]. However, one recent study showed that calves born to cows fed a negative-DCAD diet had a lower BW and an average daily weight gain than calves from cows fed positive-DCAD diets [85]. We are not aware of any published research investigating the feeding of negative-DCAD diets on the sow farrowing duration and the stillbirth rate.…”

Section: Sow-specific Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piglet Viability: A Review of Identification and Pre-Weaning Management Strategies

Tucker

Craig²,

Morrison³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Increased attention on the effects of the global push for a larger litter size has focused on the increased occurrence of piglets with decreased viability, which have lighter birthweights and a reduced ability to thrive in early life. To improve their odds of survival, interventions must be timely and targeted. This requires the early identification of low-viability pigs and appropriate strategies to manage them. Using novel measures such as abdominal circumference and crown to the rump length in conjunction with birth weight may provide an improved protocol for the identification of those at most risk of preweaning mortality. Further, identifying these at-risk piglets allows interventions to increase their colostrum intake and heat provisions shortly following birth. The appropriate management of the pre- and post-partum sows will improve the chances of decreasing the number of piglets born with lower viability. However, this outcome is constrained by limitations in resources such as technology and staffing. If these challenges can be overcome, it will allow for greater control and increased effectiveness in the implementation of current and new management strategies.

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Impact of a Ration Negative in Dietary Cation–Anion Difference and Varying Calcium Supply Fed before Calving on Colostrum Quality of the Dams and Health Status and Growth Performance of the Calves

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Additive Bayesian network analysis of the relationship between bovine respiratory disease and management practices in dairy heifer calves at pre-weaning stage

Piglet Viability: A Review of Identification and Pre-Weaning Management Strategies

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