“…Of course, such models are not without flaws: to begin with, the VR model's diseases are limited, focusing primarily on routine examinations, endoscopic haemostasis, and closed perforation, such as easy operation training; nevertheless, it is difficult to replicate some challenging operations, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) ( 22 ). Furthermore, while such training is beneficial to beginning endoscopists, it does not raise the level of senior endoscopists ( 23 , 24 ). As shown, the current generation of endoscopic simulators only offers basic training for endoscopists and is unable to replicate more complex surgical procedures, such as EMR, ESD or other treatment procedures ( 25 ), which significantly restricts the development of endoscopists.…”