Impact of abdominal compliance on surgical stress and postoperative recovery in laparoscopic groin hernia repair: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Purpose The role of abdominal compliance in pneumoperitoneum is not fully understood. This study aimed to clarify the association between abdominal wall stretching tendency and surgical stress in laparoscopic groin hernia repair. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study, evaluating 51 patients who underwent elective transabdominal preperitoneal groin hernia repair. Abdominal compliance was assessed using the abdominal compliance index (ACI; insufflated intra-abdominal volume [L] / body surface area [m²]) at 8 mmHg intra-abdominal pressure. Surgical stress and recovery were evaluated with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including QOR-15 and pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Associations between ACI, PROMs, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results The median ACI was 1.229 L/m² (0.369–2.091). Eleven patients (21.6%) above the 75th percentile cutoff (1.576 L/m²) were categorized as high ACI. While body constitution was similar between groups, the high ACI group had significantly greater insufflated intra-abdominal volume (2.88 L vs. 1.89 L, P < 0.0001). Pre-operative QOR-15 scores were similar. However, on postoperative day 1, the high ACI group had significantly lower QOR-15 scores (90.2 vs. 110.1, P = 0.017), with subcategory analysis showing reduced physical well-being. Multivariate analysis indicated that high ACI was a significant predictor of poorer QOR. The high ACI group also reported higher, though not statistically significant, postoperative pain. Conclusion Abdominal walls with greater elasticity, which stretch excessively under pneumoperitoneum, were more susceptible to surgical stress. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of tailored pneumoperitoneum pressure adjustment based on abdominal compliance to mitigate surgical stress.