The article presents the results of a field survey of the work of a spading machine. The influence of the following factors on the structure of the Chernozem type soil has been investigated: operating speed, deflector cover deflection angle and rotation speed of the power takeoff shaft of the tractor on soil crushing. The relative share of aggregates smaller than 1mm, from 1 to 10mm, from 10 to 25mm, from 25 to 50mm, from 50 to 100mm and over 100mm has been determined. Regression relations have been created to determine the proportion of soil fractions of certain sizes depending on the controllable factors. The operating speed and the position of the machine cover have the greatest influence on the granulometric composition of the soil in cultivation with a spading machine. The resulting regression relations can be used to determine the operating parameters of the machine to achieve the desired granulometric composition of the soil depending on the purpose of the cultivation.