Impact of air pollution on the occurrence of Rhytisma acerinium "tar-spot" on mapie leaves

Abstract

The aim of the study was, to find out whether the occurrence of Rhytisma acerinium and the variability of numbers of the tar-spot fungus on Acer platanoides leaves depend on the degree of environmental pollution. A significant variability was found between sites in relation to contents of chemical elements in soils, leaves and numbers of tar-spots. The similarity of sites presented in dendrograms classified them as industrial, urban-agglomeration and vehicle-transport areas. The factor and PCA analyses showed that two factors differentiate the soil of the sites in respect of Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Cr, Ni, Cd and N, S, Mn, Pb. In case of leaves of A. platanoides populations differentiate them in respect of N, S, Fe, Pb, Zn, Co, Be, Cr, Cd and Mn, Cu, Mo. The different air pollutions affect significantly the numbers of tar-spots on leaves. Sites with the highest contents of elements do not show tar-spots, and the factors restricting their occurrence are the high contents, mainly of N, S (NO X , SO X ) and heavy metals. In sites, with the lowest contents of these elements massive infections take place. The occurrence of R. acerinium corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for evaluation of the degree of environmental pollution.

Self-Organizing Feature Maps and selected conventional numerical methods for assessment of environmental quality

“…1). Additionally, the data of fifteen sites were taken from the paper by Kosiba (2007). Altogether forty seven sites were used.…”

“…All sites were selected according to kind and intensity of pollution, that is: industrialization sites (1 Bogatynia;15,24 Legnica;25,26,44 Lubin;27,28,40,41 G³ogów;30 Be³chatów;42 Polkowice),urbanization sites (2,10 Tarnowskie Góry;11 Chorzów;21 Zielona Góra;23 Wa³brzych;29 Gliwice;31 Sosnowiec;43,45 Zabrze;46 Kraków;47 Strzegom), traffic intensity sites (5 £osiów; 6 Rozmierka; 7 Strzelce Opolskie; 8, 9 P³u¿niczka) and areas beyond direct influence of pollution-emission sources (4 Bardo l¹skie; 12 Libusza; 13 Osola; 14 Oborniki l¹skie; 16 Gi¿ycko;17 Pisz;18 Olecko;19 Miko³ajki;20 Sejny;22 Miedzichowo;32 Wejherowo;33 Lubiatów;34 Drezdenko;35,36 Ko³obrzeg;37 widwin;38 Krzy¿;39 Lêbork). The sites 1¸15 are objects which were studied by Kosiba (2007).…”

“…The literature on R. acerinium and characterization its biological development, bioindication properties, and nomenclature are presented in the paper by Kosiba (2007).…”

“…This paper is the second part of a bioindication study on occurrence of Rhytisma acerinium in different habitat conditions affected by pollution (Kosiba 2007). It presents the results of selected conventional numerical methods, SOFM and image techniques in modelling and assessment of environmental quality.…”

Variability of morphometric leaf traits in small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mili.) under the influence of air pollution

“…Nowadays, the ecosystems are often influenced by wet and dry air deposits (Fabiszewski 1983;Zakrzewski 1995;Alloway and Ayres 1999;Fabiszewski and Kwiatkowski 2002;Bytnerowicz et al 2003;Bell and Treshow 2004;Walker et al 2005). Changes caused by pollution occur even in areas far away from point-source emitters (Kurzyd³o 1994;Helios-Rybicka 1996;Fabiszewski and Brej 2000;Madej 2002;Kosiba 2007). In areas where lichens and mosses are lacking, trees are used as biomonitors of air pollution (Fabiszewski et al 1987;Barghigiani et al 1991;Dmuchowski and Bytnerowicz 1995;Alfami et al 1996;Fisher et al 2002;Madejon et al 2004).…”