Impact of air pollution on cause-specific mortality in Korea: Results from Bayesian Model Averaging and Principle Component Regression approaches

Tran, H. D.; Kim, Jeongyeong; Kim, Daeun; Choi, Minyoung; Choi, Minha

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.273

“…However, long-term association studies on cardiopulmonary mortality performed in South Korea [11][12][13] have focused on particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM 10 ). Kim et al [12] used the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort representing the general population in South Korea and estimated the individual exposure to PM 10 as a 5-year average (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006); they found positive but insigni cant associations between PM 10 exposure and cardiopulmonary diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al [12] used the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort representing the general population in South Korea and estimated the individual exposure to PM 10 as a 5-year average (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006); they found positive but insigni cant associations between PM 10 exposure and cardiopulmonary diseases. Tran et al [13] found associations between pneumonia mortality and PM 10 concentrations (2005-2015), and Kim et al [11] reported the cardiopulmonary mortality bene ts of PM 10 reduction. Both studies were conducted in 25 districts in Seoul, the capital of South Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

Hwang

¹

,

Kwon

²

,

Yi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years. Methods: A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19 years (2001–2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts). Results: For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations.Conclusion: Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.

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“…According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the air quality level in South Korea is the worst among its member states, so the public interest regarding air pollution control has been rapidly increasing in South Korea [8]. Several cohort studies in South Korea have reported that PM 10 affects health outcomes such as mortality caused by circulatory diseases [9][10][11], while other studies state that there were non-significant or marginal associations between PM 10 and mortality rates [12,13]. Although many studies have been conducted to meet public demands, the findings were inconsistent because of the data examined was from different study groups or different types of statistics methods were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and mortality rates because of circulatory and respiratory diseases in South Korea

Kwon¹,

Hwang²,

Yi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

0

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Background : Associations between long-term exposure to common air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ozone, and particulate matter (PM 10 ) and health consequences have been studied. We investigated spatial effects of exposure to air pollution on mortality by circulatory and respiratory diseases nation-wide and in metropolitan. Methods: Means of daily concentration of the common air pollutants from 2005 to 2016 were calculated by district unit using linear interpolation. Age-standardized mortality rates of people suffering from heart disease (HD); cerebrovascular disease (CVD); ischemic heart disease (IHD); pneumonia (PN) and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) were acquired from population census data. Sub-divided comparisons were performed to adjust spatial heterogeneity. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between mortality rates and air pollutant concentrations were investigated. Multivariable linear regressions were performed to investigate associations considering confounding factors. Results: Air pollutant concentration in metropolitan was the highest, except SO 2 ; in particular, PM 10 concentration was higher than air quality standard (PM 10 : 55.27 µg/m 3 , air quality standard: 50.00 µg/m 3 , P<0.05). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between PM 10 and mortality rates was significant ( r =0.313, 0.596, 0.420, -0.277 and 0.523 for HD, CVD, IHD, PN, and CLRD, all P<0.05) in metropolitan. The powers of regression model for PM 10 , smoking rate, education level, and population density were 0.532 and 0.482 (adjusted R 2 ) for mortality rates of CVD and CLRD, respectively. Conclusion : Long-term exposure study with sub-divided analysis showed overall associations between air pollution exposure and circulatory and respiratory disease mortalities. PM 10 exposure was significantly associated with mortality of CVD and CLRD in metropolitan.

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“…However, long-term association studies on cardiopulmonary mortality performed in South Korea [10][11][12] have focused on particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM 10 ). Kim et al [11] used the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort representing the general population in South Korea and estimated the individual exposure to PM 10 as a 5-year average (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006); they found positive but insigni cant associations between PM 10 exposure and cardiopulmonary diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al [11] used the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort representing the general population in South Korea and estimated the individual exposure to PM 10 as a 5-year average (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006); they found positive but insigni cant associations between PM 10 exposure and cardiopulmonary diseases. Tran et al [12] found associations between pneumonia mortality and PM 10 concentrations (2005-2015), and Kim et al [10] reported the cardiopulmonary mortality bene ts of PM 10 reduction. Both studies were conducted in 25 districts in Seoul, the capital of South Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

Hwang

¹

,

Kwon

²

,

Yi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years. Methods: A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19 years (2001–2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts). Results: For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations.Conclusion: Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.

show abstract

Impact of air pollution on cause-specific mortality in Korea: Results from Bayesian Model Averaging and Principle Component Regression approaches

Cited by 42 publications

References 82 publications

Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and mortality rates because of circulatory and respiratory diseases in South Korea

Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

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