Impact of Air–Wave–Sea Coupling on the Simulation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Potentials

Wu, Lichuan; Shao, Mingming

doi:10.3390/atmos11040327

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A positive value indicates that the air‐side stress obtained from WW3 is higher than that from WRF, and vice versa. In the Baltic Sea, the wind has a significant annual pattern with high winds in winter months and low winds in summer months (Wu et al., 2020). Here, the data from January and July are used to explore the relative difference between

τ_{a}^{W W 3}

and

τ_{a}^{W R F}

.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentum Flux Balance at the Air‐Sea Interface

Qiao

Song

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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Turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture across the air-sea interface control the transfer of energy and mass between the atmosphere and ocean and therefore play a vital role in weather and climate (Komen et al., 1996). Turbulent fluxes have been explored extensively using measurements, theoretical and numerical models, and laboratory experiments. In past decades, the impacts of surface waves (including swells) on air-sea interactions have attracted the attention of the research community. Studies show that waves can significantly affect these turbulent fluxes (

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τ_{a}^{W W 3}

and

τ_{a}^{W R F}

.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentum Flux Balance at the Air‐Sea Interface

Qiao

Song

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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“…On the other hand, collinear-direction wind and wave are adopted in present simulations. However, especially during typhoon, storm, tsunami, or other catastrophic instances in the oceans [52], some scenarios exist in which the wind and waves are in non-collinear or even opposite directions. It is worth being investigated in future works.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Response of Articulated Offshore Wind Turbines under Different Water Depths

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Energies

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Focusing on the transitional depth offshore area from 50 m to 75 m, types of articulated foundations are proposed for supporting the NREL 5 MW offshore wind turbine. To investigate the dynamic behaviors under various water depths, three articulated foundations were adopted and numerical simulations were conducted in the time domain. An in-house code was chosen to simulate the dynamic response of the articulated offshore wind turbine. The aerodynamic load on rotating blades and the wind pressure load on tower are calculated based on the blade element momentum theory and the empirical formula, respectively. The hydrodynamic load is simulated by 3D potential flow theory. The motions of foundation, the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine, and the loads on the articulated joint are documented and compared in different cases. According to the simulation, all three articulated offshore wind turbines show great dynamic performance and totally meet the requirement of power generation under the rated operational condition. Moreover, the comparison is based on time histories and spectra among these responses. The result shows that dynamic responses of the shallower one oscillate more severely compared to the other designs.

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“…From a meteorological perspective, the proximity to the coast for large semi-enclosed basins creates special mesoscale conditions, which can cause deviations from a normally assumed logarithmic or power-law wind profile [12]. To a greater or lesser extent, mesoscale phenomena such as sea breezes, low-level jets (LLJs), boundary layer rolls, and air-sea energy transfer all influence the wind conditions (e.g., [13][14][15]). In order to use reanalysis data or other similar products for wind power investigations over large inland seas, it is important to investigate to what extent the datasets represent mesoscale phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for an Offshore Low-Level Jet Champion among Recent Reanalyses: A Tight Race over the Baltic Sea

et al. 2020

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With an increasing interest in offshore wind energy, focus has been directed towards large semi-enclosed basins such as the Baltic Sea as potential sites to set up wind turbines. The meteorology of this inland sea in particular is strongly affected by the surrounding land, creating mesoscale conditions that are important to take into consideration when planning for new wind farms. This paper presents a comparison between data from four state-of-the-art reanalyses (MERRA2, ERA5, UERRA, NEWA) and observations from LiDAR. The comparison is made for four sites in the Baltic Sea with wind profiles up to 300 m. The findings provide insight into the accuracy of reanalyses for wind resource assessment. In general, the reanalyses underestimate the average wind speed. The average shear is too low in NEWA, while ERA5 and UERRA predominantly overestimate the shear. MERRA2 suffers from insufficient vertical resolution, which limits its usefulness in evaluating the wind profile. It is also shown that low-level jets, a very frequent mesoscale phenomenon in the Baltic Sea during late spring, can appear in a wide range of wind speeds. The observed frequency of low-level jets is best captured by UERRA. In terms of general wind characteristics, ERA5, UERRA, and NEWA are similar, and the best choice depends on the application.

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Impact of Air–Wave–Sea Coupling on the Simulation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Potentials

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Momentum Flux Balance at the Air‐Sea Interface

Momentum Flux Balance at the Air‐Sea Interface

Dynamic Response of Articulated Offshore Wind Turbines under Different Water Depths

Looking for an Offshore Low-Level Jet Champion among Recent Reanalyses: A Tight Race over the Baltic Sea

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