Impact of aircraft emissions on NOx in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes

Kondo, Yasuyuki; Koike, Manabu; Ikeda, Hisatoshi; Anderson, B. E.; Joyce, E.; Zhao, Yongjing; Kita, K.; Sugita, T.; Singh, H. B.; Liu, S. C.; Thompson, A. M.; Gregory, G. L.; Shetter, R. E.; Sachse, G. W.; Vay, S. A.; Browell, Edward V.; Mahoney, Michael J.

doi:10.1029/1999gl900376

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our first rough analysis invites for a detailed study of the impact of aircraft NO in atmospheric composition. While several studies of the aircraft NO x impact in the upper troposphere exist (Schlager et al, 1997(Schlager et al, , 1999Ziereis et al, 1999;, our measurements present a rare observation (Kondo et al, 1999;Koike et al, 2000) of a substantial large scale aircraft NO effect in the lowermost mid latitude stratosphere.…”

Section: Aircraft No Corridor Effects In the Lowermost Stratospherementioning

confidence: 58%

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

Voigt¹,

Schumann²,

Jurkat³

et al. 2010

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT – CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT – campaign in October/November 2008. Thereby the Falcon was equipped with a set of instruments to measure particle properties such as the particle size distribution, shape, extinction, chemical composition as well as trace gas concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO, NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Western Europe numerous contrails and cirrus clouds were probed at altitudes between 8.5 and 11.6 km and temperatures above 213 K. 22 contrails from 11 different aircraft were observed near and below ice saturation. The observed NO mixing ratios, ice crystal and soot number densities are compared to a process based contrail model. Further we investigate in detail the contrail from a CRJ-2 aircraft detected on 19 November 2008 in 10.1 km altitude. The contrail with an age of 1 to 2 min had average ice crystal concentrations of 128 cm−3 in the size range 0.4<d<17.7 μm. It was detected in ice subsaturated air at a mean ice saturation ratio of 0.87. The observation of particles with diameters larger than 100 μm in the contrail suggests that natural cirrus particles were entrained in the contrail. We further investigate oxidation reactions in the CRJ-2 engine and the contrail. The observed average HONO/NO (HONO/NOy) ratios of 0.037 (0.024) are in the range of previous measurements in the gaseous exhaust. With HONO/NO ratio we can derive a lower limit of the conversion efficiency (εS) of fuel sulfur into H2SO4 of 2.9%. In addition to individual contrails and aircraft plumes, regional stratospheric NO enhancements were detected in the lowest stratosphere. Simulations show that aviation NO emissions could have contributed by more than 40% to the observed NO levels. Besides contrails, also cirrus clouds and a volcanic aerosol layer were measured during the CONCERT campaign. The observations serve to investigate the chemical processing of trace gases on contrails and and help to better quantify the climate impact from contrails

show abstract

Section: Aircraft No Corridor Effects In the Lowermost Stratospherementioning

confidence: 58%

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

Voigt¹,

Schumann²,

Jurkat³

et al. 2010

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Freshly emitted aircraft plumes are recognized by sharp increases in total CN 10 and to a lesser extent in N BC due to the limited size range of the SP2, which were rarely encountered during A‐FORCE. Diluted aircraft plumes are more difficult to identify, but those effects would not be very pronounced except in regions with major aircraft flight corridors [ Kondo et al , ; Wang et al , ]. Therefore, we attribute the increases in total CN 10 and PM 0.17 ‐CN 10 to NPF in the free troposphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of aerosol particle number concentrations observed over the western Pacific in the spring of 2009

Takegawa

Moteki

Oshima³

et al. 2014

JGR Atmospheres

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Airborne measurements of aerosols were conducted over the western Pacific in the spring of 2009 during the Aerosol Radiative Forcing in East Asia (A-FORCE) aircraft campaign. The A-FORCE flights intensively covered an important vertical-latitudinal range in the outflow region of East Asia (0-9 km altitude; 27°N-38°N). This paper presents the variability of aerosol particle number concentrations obtained by condensation particle counters and a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), with the focus on those in the free troposphere. The number concentration data include total condensation nuclei with particle diameters (d p ) larger than 10 nm (total CN 10 ), PM 0.17 -CN 10 (d p~1 0-130 nm), and SP2 black carbon (N BC ; d p~7 5-850 nm). Large increases in total CN 10 that were not associated with N BC were observed in the free troposphere, suggesting influences from new particle formation (NPF). Statistical characteristics of total CN 10 , PM 0.17 -CN 10 , and N BC in the lower troposphere (LT; 0-3 km), middle troposphere (MT; 3-6 km), and upper troposphere (UT; 6-9 km) are investigated. The correlation between total CN 10 and N BC , along with the ratio of PM 0.17 to total CN 10 and carbon monoxide mixing ratio (CO), is used to interpret the observed variability. The median concentrations of total CN 10 and PM 0.17 -CN 10 in the UT were higher than those in the MT by a factor of~1.4 and 1.6, respectively. We attribute the enhancements of CN 10 in the UT to NPF. Possible mechanisms affecting NPF in the free troposphere are discussed.

show abstract

“…Our first rough analysis invites for a detailed study of the impact of aircraft NO in atmospheric composition. While several studies of the aircraft NO x impact in the upper troposphere exist Ziereis et al, 1999;, our measurements present a rare observation (Kondo et al, 1999;Koike et al, 2000) of a substantial large scale aircraft NO effect in the lowermost mid latitude stratosphere.…”

Section: Aircraft No Corridor Effects In the Lowermost Stratospherementioning

confidence: 92%

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT -CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT -campaign in October/November 2008. The Falcon was equipped with a set of instruments to measure the particle size distribution, shape, extinction and chemical composition as well as trace gas mixing ratios of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO, NO y , HNO 3 , HONO, HCl), ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Europe, numerous contrails, cirrus clouds and a volcanic aerosol layer were probed at altitudes between 8.5 and 11.6 km and at temperatures above 213 K. 22 contrails from 11 different aircraft were observed near and below ice saturation. The observed NO mixing ratios, ice crystal and soot number densities are compared to a process based contrail model. On 19 November 2008 the contrail from a CRJ-2 aircraft was penetrated in 10.1 km altitude at a temperature of 221 K. The contrail had mean ice crystal number densities of 125 cm −3 with effective radii r eff of 2.6 µm. The presence of particles with r>50 µm in the less than 2 min old contrail suggests that natural cirrus crystals were entrained in the contrail. Mean HONO/NO (HONO/NO y ) ratios of 0.037 (0.024) and the fuel sulfur conCorrespondence to: C. Voigt (christiane.voigt@dlr.de) version efficiency to H 2 SO 4 ( S↓ ) of 2.9 % observed in the CRJ-2 contrail are in the range of previous measurements in the gaseous aircraft exhaust. On 31 October 2010 aviation NO emissions could have contributed by more than 40% to the regional scale NO levels in the mid-latitude lowest stratosphere. The CONCERT observations help to better quantify the climate impact from contrails and will be used to investigate the chemical processing of trace gases on contrails.

show abstract

Impact of aircraft emissions on NO_x in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

Variability of aerosol particle number concentrations observed over the western Pacific in the spring of 2009

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About