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Agar wood has been applied to traditional medicine and used as perfumery and food ingredients especially in Saudi Arabia. It contains bio molecules component that shows various pharmacological, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-helminthic, antioxidant and other advantages effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs that generated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Caspase-3 is the central executioners, a cysteine protease, during apoptosis and cell death. The effect of Agar wood hexane extract on liver death through studied of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), caspase-3 levels and liver function tests in rats treat and untreated with an intra peritoneal dose of 3g/kg methanol was studied in this investigation. Injected of rats with methanol-induced an elevation in the levels of NO, MDA, caspase-3, and liver function tests, compared to the control. Treatment of animals with Agar wood extracts pre, during, and post methanol administration improved liver function and decreased the levels of NO, MDA, and caspase-3 activities compared to the methanol group, indicates that Agar wood diminished the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by methanol, this may be due to its Phytochemical compositions.
Agar wood has been applied to traditional medicine and used as perfumery and food ingredients especially in Saudi Arabia. It contains bio molecules component that shows various pharmacological, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-helminthic, antioxidant and other advantages effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs that generated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Caspase-3 is the central executioners, a cysteine protease, during apoptosis and cell death. The effect of Agar wood hexane extract on liver death through studied of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), caspase-3 levels and liver function tests in rats treat and untreated with an intra peritoneal dose of 3g/kg methanol was studied in this investigation. Injected of rats with methanol-induced an elevation in the levels of NO, MDA, caspase-3, and liver function tests, compared to the control. Treatment of animals with Agar wood extracts pre, during, and post methanol administration improved liver function and decreased the levels of NO, MDA, and caspase-3 activities compared to the methanol group, indicates that Agar wood diminished the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by methanol, this may be due to its Phytochemical compositions.
The main aim of this research was to assess the socio-economic impact of local alcohol consumption among adult in Haramaya town, East Hararghe, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018 using mixed methods of data collection. A total of 120 samples were included in the research. The most consuming local alcohols were Tell, Katikala, and Tej respectively in the research area. The research found the current prevalence of consuming local alcohol practices was among male sex, productive age groups, followers orthodox church, married respondents, illiterate respondents, and the respondents with low daily income (daily laborers). Besides that, it finds out that consuming local alcohol are leading to different socio-economic problems, such as social problems (discrimination, failure to role play, and low social interaction), economic problems (poverty and lack of saving resources), health problems (headache, vomiting, and loss of appetite), and problems of domestic violence (divorce and lack of proper socialization of their children). Thegovernment with stakeholders should develop a policy to control the production and disruption of local alcohol, as well as develop coping mechanisms for the consumers, producers, and sellers.
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