2021
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27238
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Impact of anatomical variations on ultrasonographic reference values of lower extremity peripheral nerves

Abstract: Introduction/Aims: Cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values using ultrasonography vary widely for lower extremity peripheral nerves. In addition, there is a lack of data on the muscular branches of the tibial nerve and the anatomical variations of the sural nerve. We aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic reference values for lower extremity peripheral nerves considering different anatomical variations and physical factors. Methods:The CSA of the lower extremity nerve was measured at 10 sites. In addition t… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…A smaller number of studies measured the sural nerve at distances ranging from 5 to 20 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus [ 11 , 28 , 31 , 36 , 40 , 45 , 47 , 49 ]. Like the latter measurement site, some studies also defined their site of measurement as the mid-calf or between the heads of the gastrocnemius [ 28 , 30 , 33 , 36 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 52 ]. However, some studies were vague in describing the site of measurement, with one only describing the site as adjacent to the lesser saphenous vein [ 27 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A smaller number of studies measured the sural nerve at distances ranging from 5 to 20 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus [ 11 , 28 , 31 , 36 , 40 , 45 , 47 , 49 ]. Like the latter measurement site, some studies also defined their site of measurement as the mid-calf or between the heads of the gastrocnemius [ 28 , 30 , 33 , 36 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 52 ]. However, some studies were vague in describing the site of measurement, with one only describing the site as adjacent to the lesser saphenous vein [ 27 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 . There were 12 studies contributing 870 sural nerves conducted in Europe [ 28 , 29 , 33 , 36 , 39 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 54 , 55 ], 6 contributing 504 sural nerves in East Asia [ 26 , 30 , 31 , 42 , 49 , 52 ], 4 contributing 435 sural nerves in North America [ 10 , 32 , 35 , 41 ], 3 contributing 736 sural nerves in South Asia [ 34 , 46 , 53 ], 3 contributing 27 sural nerves in Oceania [ 37 , 51 ], 2 contributing 447 sural nerves in Southeast Asia [ 11 , 40 ] and 2 contributing 174 sural nerves in the Middle East [ 27 , 44 ]. Seven of the European studies which contributed 438 sural nerves were conducted in Germany [ 28 , 33 , 36 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 50 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, further studies are required to examine the exact relationship between pelvic and lower limb morphology, morphometric features of the lower limb and pelvis, and sciatic nerve morphometry. Such landmark features around the pelvis and lower limb that may be related to sciatic nerve morphometry include but are not limited to the distance between the greater trochanter and apex of the ischial tuberosity, the distance between the greater trochanter and posterior superior iliac spine, length of the lower limb, tip of the greater trochanter to the vertical distance between the lateral edge of sciatic nerve intersection with piriformis, ischial tuberosity to the vertical distance between medial edge of sciatic nerve intersection with piriformis, posterior superior iliac spine to the vertical distance between the lateral edge of sciatic nerve intersection with piriformis, the distance between the ischial tuberosity and posterior superior iliac spine, length of the lower extremity (5,15,33,59,62).…”
Section: Figure 4herementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table 2here Table 3here Discussion Anatomical variations of the sciatic nerves are associated with important clinical roles (35,52,58), such as the causation and treatment of pathophysiologies like sciatica due to sciatic nerve compression (6, 18), piriformis syndrome (6, 20), injection-induced and post-injection damage to the sciatic nerve and paralysis (26, 27), and is also essential for clinicians and surgeons carrying out procedures involving the hip and sacroiliac joints such as the location of the main trunk of the sciatic nerve before its termination and successful popliteal sciatic nerve block (6, 7, 28), and so on. These conditions and procedures are highly dependent on the anatomical variations in the course and morphometric characteristics of the sciatic nerve knowledge of which is crucial (29,59,60).…”
Section: Figure 4herementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This dynamic variation of structures is difficult to be evaluated in cadavers due to the alterations that the conservation processes cause in the tissues (Giannini et al, 2008; O’Leary et al, 2014; Ozcelikkale & Han, 2016; Zarb et al, 2017). Therefore, the in vivo evaluation is more sensitive for this evaluation, and ultrasonography is a non‐invasive and accurate method for the study of peripheral nerves (Alexander & Dobson, 2003; Kuga et al, 2021; Maia et al, 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%