Impact of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Post-operative Infection Rates in Saudi Arabian Joint Replacement Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of joint replacement surgeries has been increasing globally, including in Saudi Arabia. A major concern is the high rate of post-operative complications, especially infections, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate and determine the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing post-operative infections after joint replacement surgery in the Saudi Arabian population. This research hypothesises that appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis will significantly reduce the incidence of post-operative infections, with factors such as diabetes, obesity and smoking being associated with an increased risk of infections. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. The study population comprised Saudi patients who had undergone joint replacement surgery, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria ensuring a focused and relevant sample. The sample size, calculated based on Saudi Arabia’s population, aims to achieve a 95% confidence level. Data were collected through a review of medical records and patient interviews using a validated questionnaire focusing on demographic factors and health-related variables, including antibiotic usage. Results: The findings revealed a high incidence of post-operative infections despite adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis. This was observed even with substantial patient compliance and proper instruction on antibiotic use. Notably, the study found a significant correlation between health-related factors such as diabetes, obesity and smoking and increased infection rates. The presence of antibiotic resistance was also associated with a higher incidence of post-operative infections. Conclusion: In summary, the study illuminates the complexities of managing post-operative infections in joint replacement surgeries within the Saudi Arabian context. The findings suggest the need for a re-evaluation of current antibiotic protocols and patient education methods. This study fills a crucial gap in existing literature, offering new perspectives on antibiotic resistance and patient education. It underscores the importance of personalised patient care and highlights potential areas for future research, particularly in populations with prevalent health-related risk factors. These insights are crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and advancing medical practices in the field of joint replacement surgeries.