Impact of antimicrobial usage on the transmission dynamics of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among pigs

Abatih, Emmanuel; Alban, Lis; Ersbøll, Annette Kjær; Wong, Danilo M. Lo Fo

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.017

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our model predicted that the use of antimicrobials increase the level of resistant bacteria in a population, which is in concordance with the surveillance of Danish pigs [3] and other similar models [6], [15], [25]. We further demonstrated that besides the expected rise within-pig due to the growth of resistant strains during treatment, the increased levels of bacteria following treatment may also increase the transmission of resistant strains between pigs in a pen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

How Fitness Reduced, Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Survive and Spread: A Multiple Pig - Multiple Bacterial Strain Model

et al. 2014

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More than 30% of E. coli strains sampled from pig farms in Denmark over the last five years were resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial tetracycline. This raises a number of questions: How is this high level sustained if resistant bacteria have reduced growth rates? Given that there are multiple susceptible and resistant bacterial strains in the pig intestines, how can we describe their coexistence? To what extent does the composition of these multiple strains in individual pigs influence the total bacterial population of the pig pen? What happens to a complex population when antimicrobials are used? To investigate these questions, we created a model where multiple strains of bacteria coexist in the intestines of pigs sharing a pen, and explored the parameter limits of a stable system; both with and without an antimicrobial treatment. The approach taken is a deterministic bacterial population model with stochastic elements of bacterial distributions and transmission. The rates that govern the model are process-oriented to represent growth, excretion, and uptake from environment, independent of herd and meta-population structures. Furthermore, an entry barrier and elimination process for the individual strains in each pig were implemented. We demonstrate how competitive growth between multiple bacterial strains in individual pigs, and the transmission between pigs in a pen allow for strains of antimicrobial resistant bacteria to persist in a pig population to different extents, and how quickly they can become dominant if antimicrobial treatment is initiated. The level of spread depends in a non-linear way of the parameters that govern excretion and uptake. Furthermore, the sampling of initial distributions of strains and stochastic transmission events give rise to large variation in how homogenous and how resistant the bacterial population becomes. Most important: resistant bacteria are demonstrated to survive with a disadvantage in growth rate of well over 10%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

How Fitness Reduced, Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Survive and Spread: A Multiple Pig - Multiple Bacterial Strain Model

et al. 2014

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“…Interaction and competition between useful bacteria, particularly of the genus Lactobacillus, and pathogenic taxa of the family Enterobacteriaceae play a key role in the functioning of the digestive tract in pigs (21). Potentially pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of animals in favorable conditions can multiply and lead to the emergence and spread of factors of resistance to certain antibiotics (1,3,5,6,14).…”

Section: Praca Oryginalnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inulin and a probiotic supplement in the diet of pigs on selected traits of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Grela¹,

Kowalczyk-Pecka²,

Hańczakowska³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThe addition of inulin and/or a probiotic to feed mixtures for pigs can lead to changes in microflora composition and production of short-chain organic acids (SCFA) in the final segment of the digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an inulin and/or a probiotic supplement on Enterobacteriaceae taxa, the susceptibility of the bacteria to six antibiotics, and SCFA content in the cecum and colon, as well as changes in the histological structure of the intestines. The experiment was conducted on 80 fattening pigs with an initial body weight of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg, divided into 4 groups: control (I-C) and three experimental ones, fed the diets either with a probiotic (group II-P), inulin (III-I) or a both additives (group IV-PI). The animals were given ad libitum access to grower (30-70 kg) and finisher (71-115 kg) feed mixtures. During slaughter, from 8 pigs of each group, samples of contents and tissue from the cecum and colon were collected for laboratory analysis. The results of the study indicate differences in the expression of antibiotic resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates depending on the type of dietary supplement. The inulin supplement caused changes in SCFA concentration, mainly an increase in the concentration of propionic and butyric acid, and also increased the thickness of the muscular layer.The synbiotic (mixture of prebiotics and probiotics) was confirmed to have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome, which may be of significance in preventing the spread of Enterobacteriaceae infections in pigs.

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“…Without antimicrobial exposure, a fitness cost for the resistant strain, which often translates in a faster recovery rate or lower transmissibility, is assumed (Levin, 2001). Abatih et al (2009) used this approach to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial usage on the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among pigs. They concluded that control measures that reduce the transmission rate or increase the spontaneous clear-out rate for resistant bacteria would reduce the proportion of pigs with drug-resistant bacteria before transport to slaughter (Abatih et al, 2009).…”

Section: Transmission Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abatih et al (2009) used this approach to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial usage on the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among pigs. They concluded that control measures that reduce the transmission rate or increase the spontaneous clear-out rate for resistant bacteria would reduce the proportion of pigs with drug-resistant bacteria before transport to slaughter (Abatih et al, 2009). Empirical studies in which transmission of resistant and sensitive strain are measured are needed to validate such conclusions.…”

Section: Transmission Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of the Transmission and Control of Foodborne Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance at Preharvest

Lanzas

Gröhn

2011

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Foodborne diseases are a significant health-care and economic burden. Most foodborne pathogens are enteric pathogens harbored in the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals. Understanding the transmission of foodborne pathogens and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance at the farm level is necessary to design effective control strategies at preharvest. Mathematical models improve our understanding of pathogen dynamics by providing a theoretical framework in which factors affecting transmission and control of the pathogens can be explicitly considered. In this review, we aim to present the principles underlying the mathematical modeling of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance at the farm level to a broader audience.

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Impact of antimicrobial usage on the transmission dynamics of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among pigs

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

How Fitness Reduced, Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Survive and Spread: A Multiple Pig - Multiple Bacterial Strain Model

How Fitness Reduced, Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Survive and Spread: A Multiple Pig - Multiple Bacterial Strain Model

Effect of inulin and a probiotic supplement in the diet of pigs on selected traits of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Mathematical Modeling of the Transmission and Control of Foodborne Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance at Preharvest

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