Impact of Ascaris suum in Livestock

Thamsborg, Stig Milan; Nejsum, Peter; Mejer, Helena

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396978-1.00014-8

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Even though it seems that these lesions are produced as a result of mechanical injury and inflammatory response induced by the larval migration in the liver [39], the overproduction of plasmin by the parasite could also contribute to this inflammatory phenomenon. These lesions not only cause damages on the health of the infected animals, but also comprise a significant problem for the porcine industry, since they produce less suitable livers for human consumption, producing economic losses for abattoirs [1]. Similar spots appear in the lungs, which are described as chronic reactions due to the larval migration [40], and in the intestinal mucosa, as a result of the larval penetration in the caecum and proximal colon [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascaris suum, generally considered as the most prevalent intestinal parasite in domestic pigs, is the nematode responsible for causing porcine ascariasis. This soil-transmitted infection presents high prevalence rates around the world and entails significant economic losses in the swine industry due to the reduction of production efficiency and organ condemnations [1]. In addition, A. suum has been postulated as a model for the study of A. lumbricoides infection in humans, which involves a parasitosis affecting an estimated 804 million people, most commonly children and adolescents [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pro-fibrinolytic potential of the third larval stage of Ascaris suum as a possible mechanism facilitating its migration through the host tissues

et al. 2020

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Background: Ascaris roundworms are the parasitic nematodes responsible for causing human and porcine ascariasis. Whereas A. lumbricoides is the most common soil-transmitted helminth infecting humans in the world, A. suum causes important economic losses in the porcine industry. The latter has been proposed as a model for the study of A. lumbricoides since both species are closely related. The third larval stage of these parasites carries out an intriguing and complex hepatopulmonary route through the bloodstream of its hosts. This allows the interaction between larvae and the physiological mechanisms of the hosts circulatory system, such as the fibrinolytic system. Parasite migration has been widely linked to the activation of this system by pathogens that are able to bind plasminogen and enhance plasmin generation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interaction between the infective third larval stage of A. suum and the host fibrinolytic system as a model of the host-Ascaris spp. relationships. Methods: Infective larvae were obtained after incubating and hatching fertile eggs of A. suum in order to extract their cuticle and excretory/secretory antigens. The ability of both extracts to bind and activate plasminogen, as well as promote plasmin generation were assayed by ELISA and western blot. The location of plasminogen binding on the larval surface was revealed by immunofluorescence. The plasminogen-binding proteins from both antigenic extracts were revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and plasminogen-ligand blotting, and identified by mass spectrometry. Results: Cuticle and excretory/secretory antigens from infective larvae of A. suum were able to bind plasminogen and promote plasmin generation in the presence of plasminogen activators. Plasminogen binding was located on the larval surface. Twelve plasminogen-binding proteins were identified in both antigenic extracts. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the present results showed for the first time, the pro-fibrinolytic potential of infective larvae of Ascaris spp., which suggests a novel parasite survival mechanism by facilitating the migration through host tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-fibrinolytic potential of the third larval stage of Ascaris suum as a possible mechanism facilitating its migration through the host tissues

et al. 2020

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“…Quantified production impacts in ruminants have recently been reviewed by Charlier, van der Voort, Kenyon, Skuce, & Vercruysse () and Mavrot, Hertzberg, and Torgerson (), and for nematodes of pigs by Thamsborg et al. (). However, there are also several studies that failed to show any impact of infection in pigs, perhaps because of the lack of good diagnostic tools to detect the presence of infection (Vlaminck, Levecke, Vercruysse, & Geldhof, ) and the temporary effect on productivity in infected animals.…”

Section: Socio‐economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In domestic pigs, Ascaris suum is the most prevalent intestinal species worldwide and is of particular economic importance in fatteners. Other important species are Trichuris suis in fatteners and Oesophagostomum dentatum in adult pigs (Thamsborg, Nejsum, & Mejer, 2013).…”

Section: Key Species Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of GI nematodes on productivity depends on the host species, its geographical location and physiological status and will further be largely dependent on the degree to which a farmer can counteract infection-induced energetic losses by the provision of protein-rich diets (Kyriazakis & Houdijk, 2006). Quantified production impacts in ruminants have recently been reviewed by Charlier, van der Voort, Kenyon, Skuce, & Vercruysse (2014a) and Mavrot, Hertzberg, and Torgerson (2015), and for nematodes of pigs by Thamsborg et al (2013). However, there are also several studies that failed to show any impact of infection in pigs, perhaps because of the lack of good diagnostic tools to detect the presence of infection (Vlaminck, Levecke, Vercruysse, & Geldhof, 2014) and the temporary effect on productivity in infected animals.…”

Section: Socio-economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mind the gaps in research on the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed ruminants and pigs

Charlier

Thamsborg

Bartley

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode control has an important role to play in increasing livestock production from a limited natural resource base and to improve animal health and welfare. In this synthetic review, we identify key research priorities for GI nematode control in farmed ruminants and pigs, to support the development of roadmaps and strategic research agendas by governments, industry and policymakers. These priorities were derived from the DISCONTOOLS gap analysis for nematodes and follow-up discussions within the recently formed Livestock Helminth Research Alliance (LiHRA). In the face of ongoing spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR), we are increasingly faced with a failure of existing control methods against GI nematodes. Effective vaccines against GI nematodes are generally not available, and anthelmintic treatment will therefore remain a cornerstone for their effective control. At the same time, consumers and producers are increasingly concerned with environmental issues associated with chemical parasite control. To address current challenges in GI nematode control, it is crucial to deepen our insights into diverse aspects of epidemiology, AR, host immune mechanisms and the socio-psychological aspects of nematode control. This will enhance the development, and subsequent uptake, of the new diagnostics, vaccines, pharma-/nutraceuticals, control methods and decision support tools required to respond to the spread of AR and the shifting epidemiology of GI nematodes in response to climatic, land-use and farm husbandry changes. More emphasis needs to be placed on the upfront evaluation of the economic value of these innovations as well as the socio-psychological aspects to prioritize research and facilitate uptake of innovations in practice. Finally, targeted regulatory guidance is needed to create an innovation-supportive environment for industries and to accelerate the access to market of new control tools.

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Development of allele-specific PCR methodology (AS-PCR) to screening A. lumbricoides and A. suum

et al. 2022

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Impact of Ascaris suum in Livestock

Cited by 35 publications

References 50 publications

Pro-fibrinolytic potential of the third larval stage of Ascaris suum as a possible mechanism facilitating its migration through the host tissues

Pro-fibrinolytic potential of the third larval stage of Ascaris suum as a possible mechanism facilitating its migration through the host tissues

Mind the gaps in research on the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed ruminants and pigs

Development of allele-specific PCR methodology (AS-PCR) to screening A. lumbricoides and A. suum

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