Impact of asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction on organ function in newborn piglets

Bauer, Reinhard; Walter, Bernd; Brust, Peter; Füchtner, F.; Zwiener, U.

doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00171-4

Cited by 80 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Because of the aforementioned great intrauterine crowding in HO sows, muscle development might therefore have been more than proportionately impaired. By contrast, and in agreement with other studies (Bauer et al, 2003;Town et al, 2004;, brain growth was partly maintained through compensatory mechanisms as the difference in absolute brain weight between HO and OL offspring amounted only to 7%. This phenomenon, also known as brain sparing effect, illustrates that the maintenance of brain weight is of primary importance for growth restricted piglets (McMillen et al, 2001).…”

Section: --supporting

confidence: 92%

Intrauterine crowding impairs formation and growth of secondary myofibers in pigs

Pardo

Bérard²,

Kreuzer

et al. 2013

Animal

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There are indications that intrauterine crowding may cause intrauterine growth retardation with the possibility of an impaired myofiber hyperplasia. The aim of the study was to confirm this by generating large differences in uterine space using sows that were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (HO; crowded) or unilaterally oviduct ligated (OL; non-crowded). In the study, seven HO and seven OL Swiss Large White third parity sows were used. At farrowing, litter size and litter birth weight were determined. Subsequently, within each litter two male and two female progenies each with the respectively lowest (L) and highest (H) birth weight were sacrificed. Internal organs and brain were weighed, and longissimus (LM) and semitendinosus muscle (SM) samples were collected. Histological analyses were performed in both muscles using mATPase staining after preincubation at pH 4.3 and 10.2. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) polymorphism was determined in the LM by means of SDS-PAGE. The number of piglets born alive was similar in both sow groups, but litter size expressed per uterine horn was lower (P , 0.05) in OL than HO sows. Consequently, OL progeny were markedly heavier (P , 0.01). Regardless of gender, the organs, the brain and the SM were heavier (P , 0.001) in OL and H compared with HO and L offspring, respectively. Compared with HO pigs, the SM of OL offspring tended (P , 0.1) to have more myofibers, which were of larger (P , 0.05) size. However, myofiber density appeared to be lower (P , 0.1) in the SM of OL than HO pigs. The impact of birth weight on myofiber characteristics was limited to the lower (P , 0.05) myofiber density in the SM and the larger (P , 0.01) myofiber size in the light portion of the SM of H than L offspring, whereas myofiber hyperplasia did not differ between birth weight categories. The SM, but not the LM, of male offspring had a greater (P , 0.05) myofiber density. This did not affect total SM myofiber number. The relative abundance of fetal and type I MyHC in the LM was lower (P , 0.05) and that of type II MyHC was greater (P , 0.001) in OL than HO pigs. The current data suggest that regardless of birth weight and gender, in the LM and SM of individuals born from a crowded environment, not only hyperplasia but also hypertrophy of myofibers is impaired and their maturity seems delayed.

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Section: --supporting

confidence: 92%

Intrauterine crowding impairs formation and growth of secondary myofibers in pigs

Pardo

Bérard²,

Kreuzer

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…This was surprising in view of the fact that using a similar experimental design, Pardo et al (2010) reported a lower relative brain weight (expressed relative to the birth weight) in H I -than in L I -newborns and lower in H L -than in L H -newborns. This had let the authors conclude that those lighter piglets had some characteristics associated with growth retardation as supported by other studies (Bauer et al, 2003;Town et al, 2005;Vallet and Freking, 2006). Furthermore, it was shown that an impaired development of organs such as the kidneys, heart and liver can still be observed in low birth weight compared with high birth weight pigs when they reach the slaughter weight (Bé rard et al, 2008;Rehfeldt et al, 2008;Nissen and Oksbjerg, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Effect of average litter weight in pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the offspring as depending on birth weight

Pardo

Kreuzer

Bee

2013

Animal

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Offspring born from normal litter size (10 to 15 piglets) but classified as having lower than average birth weight (average of the sow herd used: 1.46 6 0.2 kg; mean 6 s.d.) carry at birth negative phenotypic traits normally associated with intrauterine growth restriction, such as brain-sparing and impaired myofiber hyperplasia. The objective of the study was to assess long-term effects of intrauterine crowding by comparing postnatal performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality of offspring born from litters with higher (.1.7 kg) or lower (,1.3 kg) than average litter birth weight. From a population of multiparous Swiss Large White sows (parity 2 to 6), 16 litters with high (H 5 1.75 kg) or low (L 5 1.26 kg) average litter birth weight were selected. At farrowing, two female pigs and two castrated pigs were chosen from each litter: from the H-litters those with the intermediate (H I 5 1.79 kg) and lowest (H L 5 1.40 kg) birth weight, and from L-litters those with the highest (L H 5 1.49 kg) and intermediate (L I 5 1.26 kg) birth weight. Average birth weight of the selected H I and L I piglets differed ( P , 0.05), whereas birth weight of the H L -and L H -piglets were similar ( P . 0.05). These pigs were fattened in group pen and slaughtered at 165 days of age. Pre-weaning performance of the litters and growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits of the selected pigs were assessed. Number of stillborn and pig mortality were greater ( P , 0.05) in L-than in H-litters. Consequently, fewer ( P , 0.05) piglets were weaned and average litter weaning weight decreased by 38% ( P , 0.05). The selected pigs of the L-litters displayed catch-up growth during the starter and grower-finisher periods, leading to similar ( P . 0.05) slaughter weight at 165 days of age. However, H L -gilts were more feed efficient and had leaner carcasses than H I -, L H -and L I -pigs (birth weight class 3 gender interaction P , 0.05). Meat quality traits were mostly similar between groups. The marked between-litter birth weight variation observed in normal size litters had therefore no evident negative impact on growth potential and quality of pigs from the lower birth weight group.

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“…In the current experimental model, spontaneous IUGR piglets result from placental insufficiency with reduced transplacental amino acid transfer and fetal glucocorticoids overexposure as observed in humans (Bauer et al. 2003). Metabolic responses to high protein intake may differ between piglets and newborn infants with higher protein accretion rate in piglets (Han et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal high protein intake enhances neonatal growth without significant adverse renal effects in spontaneous IUGR piglets

Boubred

Jamin

Buffat³

et al. 2017

Physiol Rep

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In humans, early high protein (HP) intake has been recommended to prevent postnatal growth restriction and complications of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the impact of such a strategy on the kidneys remains unknown, while significant renal hypertrophy, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis have been demonstrated in few experimental studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a neonatal HP formula on renal structure in IUGR piglets. Spontaneous IUGR piglets were randomly allocated to normal protein (NP, n = 10) formula or to HP formula (+50% protein content, n = 10) up to day 28 after birth. Body weight, body composition, renal functions, and structure were assessed at the end of the neonatal period. While birth weights were similar, 28‐day‐old HP piglets were 18% heavier than NP piglets (P < 0.01). Carcass protein content was 22% higher in HP than in NP offspring (P < 0.01). Despite a HP intake, kidney weight and glomerular fibrosis were unaltered in HP piglets. Only a 20% increase in glomerular volume was noted in HP piglets (P < 0.05) and restricted to the inner cortical area nephrons (P = 0.03). Plasma urea/creatinine ratio and proteinuria were unchanged in HP piglets. In conclusion, neonatal HP feeding in IUGR piglets significantly enhanced neonatal growth and tissue protein deposition but mildly affected glomerular volume. It can be speculated that a sustained tissue protein anabolism in response to HP intake have limited single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration.

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Impact of asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction on organ function in newborn piglets

Cited by 80 publications

References 97 publications

Intrauterine crowding impairs formation and growth of secondary myofibers in pigs

Intrauterine crowding impairs formation and growth of secondary myofibers in pigs

Effect of average litter weight in pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the offspring as depending on birth weight

Neonatal high protein intake enhances neonatal growth without significant adverse renal effects in spontaneous IUGR piglets

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