Impact of Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport of Viral Aerosols on the Epidemiology of Influenza

Hammond, Gregory; Raddatz, R. L.; Gelskey, D. E.

doi:10.1093/clinids/11.3.494

Cited by 83 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Indeed, reports establish that ENSO conditions have a local effect over South-East Asia [13]. Moreover, changes in local conditions may affect respiratory virus survival and/or human indoor crowding and in turn alter the dynamics of virus transmission [10,14,40]. Strong cold ENSO phases have been associated with lower temperature and higher humidity in European winters [13], possibly promoting larger and more severe influenza epidemics in France.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability

Viboud¹,

Pakdaman²,

Boëlle³

et al. 2004

Eur J Epidemiol

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The reasons for the seasonality and annual changes in the impact of influenza epidemics remain poorly understood. We investigated the covariations between a major component of climate, namely the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and indicators of the impact of influenza, as measured by morbidity, excess mortality and viral subtypes collected in France during the period 1971-2002. We show that both the circulating subtype and the magnitude of ENSO are associated with the impact of influenza epidemics. Recognition of this association could lead to better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence of influenza epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability

Viboud¹,

Pakdaman²,

Boëlle³

et al. 2004

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…transfer of foot-and-mouth disease virus across the English Channel and transfer of avian influenza virus from continental China to Taiwan (Chen et al, 2008b). The hypothesis of transcontinental transfer of influenza A virus aerosol was demonstrated by Hammond et al (1989). Consequently, virus-containing aerosols can spread worldwide.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,191

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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“…tuberculosis, measles and chicken pox [49], but most are transmitted mainly by direct contact and short-range routes, with occasional instances where long-range transmission can be the only explanation, e.g. influenza [50]. The source for such transmission events is normally the infected patient's upper respiratory tract, and not via the haematogenous or faecal-oral routes.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS: clinical presentation, transmission, pathogenesis and treatment options

2006

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SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) appeared as the first emerging infectious disease of this century. It is fortunate that the culprit virus can be grown without much difficulty from a commonly used cell line, allowing an unlimited supply of isolates for further molecular studies and leading to the development of sensitive diagnostic assays. How the virus has successfully jumped the species barrier is still a mystery. The superspreading events that occurred within hospital, hotel and high-density housing estate opens a new chapter in the mechanisms and routes of virus transmission. The old practice of quarantine proved to be still useful in controlling the global outbreak. Despite all the available sophisticated tests, alertness with early recognition by healthcare workers and prompt isolation of suspected cases is still the most important step for containing the spread of the infection. Although the rapidly evolving outbreak did not allow the conducting of systematic clinical trails to evaluate treatment options, the accumulated experience on managing SARS patients will improve the clinical outcome should SARS return. Although SARS led to more than 700 deaths worldwide, the lessons learnt have prepared healthcare systems worldwide to face future emerging and re-emerging infections.

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Impact of Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport of Viral Aerosols on the Epidemiology of Influenza

Cited by 83 publications

References 22 publications

Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability

Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

SARS: clinical presentation, transmission, pathogenesis and treatment options

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