Impact of Avian Influenza Outbreaks on Stakeholders in the Poultry Industry in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Balami, Arhyel Gana; Mustapha, Muhammad; Ndahi, Juliana James; Gadzama, J.J.; Mshelia, PB

doi:10.19026/ijava.7.5235

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In commercial poultry production, where birds are commonly raised at high densities in crowded spaces, diseases and infections lead to considerable economic losses (Mensah & Brain, 1982; Toth et al ., 1988 a , b ; Villegas, 1998; Glisson, 1998; Currie, 1999; Hafez, 2005; Sadiq & Mohammed, 2007; Wideman et al ., 2007; Balami et al ., 2015; UKEssays, 2018; Govindaraj et al ., 2018; Rani, Golbar & Rauf, 2020; Hafez & Attia, 2020). In pulmonary attacks, pathogens may disseminate from there to other parts of the body (Bosch et al ., 2013; Koppen et al ., 2015; Hakansson, Orihuela & Bogaert, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?

Maina

2023

Biological Reviews

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In commercial poultry farming, respiratory diseases cause high morbidities and mortalities, begetting colossal economic losses. Without empirical evidence, early observations led to the supposition that birds in general, and poultry in particular, have weak innate and adaptive pulmonary defences and are therefore highly susceptible to injury by pathogens. Recent findings have, however, shown that birds possess notably efficient pulmonary defences that include: (i) a structurally complex three‐tiered airway arrangement with aerodynamically intricate air‐flow dynamics that provide efficient filtration of inhaled air; (ii) a specialised airway mucosal lining that comprises air‐filtering (ciliated) cells and various resident phagocytic cells such as surface and tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes; (iii) an exceptionally efficient mucociliary escalator system that efficiently removes trapped foreign agents; (iv) phagocytotic atrial and infundibular epithelial cells; (v) phagocytically competent surface macrophages that destroy pathogens and injurious particulates; (vi) pulmonary intravascular macrophages that protect the lung from the vascular side; and (vii) proficiently phagocytic pulmonary extravasated erythrocytes. Additionally, the avian respiratory system rapidly translocates phagocytic cells onto the respiratory surface, ostensibly from the subepithelial space and the circulatory system: the mobilised cells complement the surface macrophages in destroying foreign agents. Further studies are needed to determine whether the posited weak defence of the avian respiratory system is a global avian feature or is exclusive to poultry. This review argues that any inadequacies of pulmonary defences in poultry may have derived from exacting genetic manipulation(s) for traits such as rapid weight gain from efficient conversion of food into meat and eggs and the harsh environmental conditions and severe husbandry operations in modern poultry farming. To reduce pulmonary diseases and their severity, greater effort must be directed at establishment of optimal poultry housing conditions and use of more humane husbandry practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?

Maina

2023

Biological Reviews

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Effect of Avian Influenza on Household Consumption of Poultry Products: Evidence from First Outbreak in Ogun State, Nigeria

et al. 2018

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The study examined the effect of Avian Influenza (AI) on the household consumption of poultry products during the first outbreak of the disease in Ogun State, Nigeria. Furthermore, determinants influencing poultry products consumption during the outbreak were identified. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 households and a well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and regression techniques.Egg consumption reduced significantly dropping from an average of 40 eggs/month to 29 eggs/month (p=0.038) during the AI outbreak. The average chicken expenditure/month dropped significantly from ₦1116.44 to ₦991.96 (p=0.019). Awareness of AI, educational level and amount spent on food consumption were the significant factors that contributed to the consumption of poultry products during the AI outbreak.The study therefore recommended that members of the public should be properly sensitized on safety precautions that should be cultivated before the consumption of poultry products especially during outbreaks of diseases.

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Retrospective Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria

Ogolo,

Nwanga,

Orakpoghenor

et al. 2023

RVSM

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Objectives: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) constitutes one of the major constraints in the development of the poultry industry, and sporadic outbreaks are still being reported in Nigeria. It is zoonotic, with several reports of human cases. The aim of this study was to determine the trend and distribution of HPAI outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria. Eight-year retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the Avian influenza (AI) line list and case reports of confirmed outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State from the AI desk office. Material and Methods: Data were cleaned, analyzed using descriptive statistics, and presented using tables and figures as appropriate. Results: The outcomes showed that a total of 67 HPAI cases were reported in Rivers State from 2015 to 2022, with the highest (64.2%) reported in 2015 and lowest (1.5%) in 2022. Layers were majorly affected. The HPAI cases were reported across 6 Local Government Areas (LGAs), with the highest (71.6% cases) reported in Obio-Akpor and the lowest (1.5%) in Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs. Based on the distribution according to LGA and year, HPAI cases were reported in 5 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre, Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni) in 2015, 2 LGAs (Obio-Akpor and Ikwerre) in 2016, 4 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre and Okrika) in 2021, and 1 LGA (Obio-Akpor) in 2022. Conclusion: The 2015 – 2022 outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State were reported in six out of the 23 LGAs across Rivers State. Obio-Akpor LGA accounted for the highest-burden of HPAI in the State. There was no report of HPAI from 2017 to 2022 across the State. Intensive surveillance for AI and public awareness on prevention and control across Rivers State is, therefore, recommended with support and motivation from the government.

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Impact of Avian Influenza Outbreaks on Stakeholders in the Poultry Industry in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?

A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?

Effect of Avian Influenza on Household Consumption of Poultry Products: Evidence from First Outbreak in Ogun State, Nigeria

Retrospective Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria

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