Impact of ball-milling of carbide-derived carbons on the generation of hydrogen peroxide via electroreduction of oxygen in alkaline media

Palm, Iris; Kisand, Vambola; Lilloja, Jaana; Käärik, Maike; Kikas, Arvo; Merisalu, Maido; Treshchalov, Alexey; Paiste, Päärn; Leis, Jaan; Tamm, Aile; Sammelselg, Väinö

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114690

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Since the kinetics of the ORR is faster in an alkaline medium than in an acidic medium, as a replacement of Pt-based ORR materials toward the cathodic ORR, different carbon-based materials have gained attention as well as shown promising performance in AEMFC tests . However, pure carbonaceous materials lack the necessary electrocatalytic activity − and, thus, they need to be modified using non-precious metals − or different heteroatoms, such as N, − S, , P, , or their combinations. − Among the possible PGM-free electrocatalysts, transition-metal–nitrogen–carbon (M-N-C) type materials are the most promising, since they have shown very good ORR activity as well as superior stability in the half cell in comparison to the platinum-based materials under alkaline conditions. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition-Metal- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composites as Cathode Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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Transition-metal- and nitrogen-codoped carbide-derived carbon/carbon nanotube composites (M-N-CDC/CNT) have been prepared, characterized, and used as cathode catalysts in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). As transition metals, cobalt, iron, and a combination of both have been investigated. Metal and nitrogen are doped through a simple high-temperature pyrolysis technique with 1,10-phenanthroline as the N precursor. The physicochemical characterization shows the success of metal and nitrogen doping as well as very similar morphologies and textural properties of all three composite materials. The initial assessment of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, employing the rotating ring–disk electrode method, indicates that the M-N-CDC/CNT catalysts exhibit a very good electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media. We find that the formation of HO 2 – species in the ORR catalysts depends on the specific metal composition (Co, Fe, or CoFe). All three materials show excellent stability with a negligible decline in their performance after 10000 consecutive potential cycles. The very good performance of the M-N-CDC/CNT catalyst materials is attributed to the presence of M-N x and pyridinic-N moieties as well as both micro- and mesoporous structures. Finally, the catalysts exhibit excellent performance in in situ tests in H 2 /O 2 AEMFCs, with the CoFe-N-CDC/CNT reaching a current density close to 500 mA cm –2 at 0.75 V and a peak power density ( P max ) exceeding 1 W cm –2 . Additional tests show that P max reaches 0.8 W cm –2 in an H 2 /CO 2 -free air system and that the CoFe-N-CDC/CNT material exhibits good stability under both AEMFC operating conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition-Metal- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composites as Cathode Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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“…However, one should note that N,P-CNT is a rather mesoporous material and exhibits less micropores than the N,P-SiCDC/CNT composite as can be seen from the graph of pore size distribution (PSD, Figure b) and Table (see the values of micro- and mesoporous areas, SSA micro(dft) and SSA meso(dft) , respectively). It is also important to note that the undoped ball-milled SiCDC is quite microporous . However, in the case of the N,P-SiCDC/CNT composite, two distinct peaks located at 0.8 and 3 nm are clearly seen (Figure b), which in turn confirms the presence of both micro- and mesopores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The SSA of the initial ball-milled SiCDC is rather high (ca. 1000 m 2 g −1 determined by the BET method), 24 and the SSA of CNTs is between 200 and 400 m 2 g −1 (data from the producer). The SSA of N,P-SiCDC/CNT compared to N,P-SiCDC1 (SSA BET = 1159 m 2 g −1 ) 29 has decreased after the addition of CNTs to SiCDC but still shows a rather high SSA value compared to solely doped CNT (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melamine phosphate (MP) was synthesized similarly to our previous work and employed as nitrogen and phosphorus doping agent. Before doping, CNTs were acid-treated according to a published procedure and SiCDC was ball-milled with small ZrO 2 beads (diameter of 0.5 mm) as described in our earlier studies. , For heteroatom doping, SiCDC/CNT or solely CNT along with MP (mass ratio of 1:20) was dispersed in ethanol by an ultrasonic bath, whereby the resulting suspension was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C. Subsequently, the obtained products were annealed in a conventional tube furnace under a N 2 atmosphere at 1000 °C for 1 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porous carbon materials are perfect candidates as a base material for heteroatom doping due to the high specific surface area and ease of modifying the surface. , One of those carbon materials, which stands out due to the large specific surface area (higher than 1000 m 2 g –1 ) and easily tunable pore size, are carbide-derived carbons (CDCs). − In general, CDCs are produced via high-temperature chlorine treatment, where the pore size (e.g., micro- and mesopores) of the final material depends on the chlorination temperature and initial carbide (e.g., SiC and TiC). , Another interesting class of nanocarbons is carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have been studied as promising carbon supports for designing fuel cell catalysts due to their several advantages, such as high electrical conductivity, electrochemical durability, mechanical strength, and favorable structure that enables improved mass transfer in the catalyst layer. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual-Doped Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composite for the Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Cathode

Palm

Kisand

Mooste

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Dual heteroatom (N,P)-doped catalysts based on the composite of silicon carbide-derived carbon (SiCDC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or solely CNTs were prepared for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using melamine phosphate as nitrogen and phosphorus precursors. The half-cell test conducted by the rotating ring-disk electrode method exhibited a high ORR electrocatalytic activity for N,P-SiCDC/CNT with an onset potential of 0.91 V and a half-wave potential of 0.80 V in alkaline solution. Similar ORR results were obtained with N,P-CNT. The dual heteroatom-doped SiCDC/CNT composite as a cathode catalyst exhibited an impressive peak power density of 538 mW cm–2 in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) test. The superior AEMFC performance of this catalyst could be attributed to (i) the high specific surface area along with hierarchical porosity (micro/mesopores) as revealed by the N2 physisorption analysis, (ii) high defect density (I D/I G = 1.54) determined by Raman spectroscopy analysis, and (iii) successful doping of N and P moieties into the carbon materials as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

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Iron and Nickel Phthalocyanine‐Modified Nanocarbon Materials as Cathode Catalysts for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Zinc‐Air Batteries**

et al. 2022

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Iron and nickel phthalocyanines along with different carbon supports, i. e., multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene, carbide‐derived carbon, Vulcan carbon, and mesoporous carbon (MC, from Pajarito Powder, LLC), are used to prepare six bimetallic (Fe, Ni) N‐doped carbon‐based catalysts. The aim of this work is to investigate the electrocatalytic activity of bimetal phthalocyanine‐modified nanocarbon catalysts, e. g., the effect of carbon supports on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), including the anion‐exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and rechargeable zinc‐air battery (RZAB) configuration. The catalysts exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity as exemplified by their half‐wave potential (E1/2) for ORR and the potential at which the OER current density reaches 10 mA cm−2 (Ej=10), but the best performing catalysts are FeNiN−MC (E1/2=0.88 V, Ej=10=1.58 V) and FeNiN−MWCNT (E1/2=0.87 V, Ej=10=1.59 V). In AEMFC analyses, FeNiN−MWCNT cathode provides peak power density (Pmax) of 406 mW cm−2, slightly higher than that of FeNiN−MC (Pmax=386 mW cm−2). Both catalysts exhibit a good RZAB performance (Pmax of 85 mW cm−2 for FeNiN−MWCNT). The assembled RZABs run stably for 48 h without any significant loss of performance.

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Impact of ball-milling of carbide-derived carbons on the generation of hydrogen peroxide via electroreduction of oxygen in alkaline media

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Transition-Metal- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composites as Cathode Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Transition-Metal- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composites as Cathode Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual-Doped Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composite for the Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Cathode

Iron and Nickel Phthalocyanine‐Modified Nanocarbon Materials as Cathode Catalysts for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Zinc‐Air Batteries**

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