Impact of Biodiesel Blends on Fuel System Component Durability

Terry, B.; McCormick, Robert L.; Natarajan, Mani

doi:10.4271/2006-01-3279

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…SVO blends of diesel resulted in the separation of two layers within the first week of storage, whereas the clouding and microbial growth was observed in the case of biodiesel containing samples from fifteen days, and after a month all biodiesel blends with diesel showed formation of greasy precipitates. Biodiesel fouling is reported to result in high NOx and it has been hypothesized that fouling contributed to non-uniform spraying of fouled biodiesel [26,27]. An alternative hypothesis is that long-term storage of biodiesel results in formation of free fatty acids and alcohol, which along with traces of glycerol, could aid in microbial growth, eventually resulting in turbidity of diesel blends [3,28].…”

Section: Reduction In Noxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emission Characteristic of Distilled Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Stabilized Triglyceride Biofuel

2015

IJEE

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Section: Reduction In Noxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emission Characteristic of Distilled Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Stabilized Triglyceride Biofuel

2015

IJEE

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“…Terry and coworkers 13 showed that at very high levels of oxidation, biodiesel blends can separate into two phases to cause fuel pump and injector operational problems or lacquer deposits on fuel system components. Blassnegger performed 500-hour fuel injector bench tests with rapeseed methyl ester (RME) (B100) samples that had a range of stability.…”

Section: Westbrookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Study of the Stability of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends: Milestone Report

McCormick¹,

Westbrook²

2007

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Executive SummaryIn support of the U.S. Department of Energy Fuels Technologies Program Multiyear Program Plan goal of identifying fuels that can displace 5% of petroleum diesel by 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in collaboration with the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) and with subcontractor Southwest Research Institute, performed a study of biodiesel oxidation stability. The objective of this work was to develop a database that supports specific proposals for a stability test and specification for biodiesel and biodiesel blends. B100 samples from 19 biodiesel producers were obtained in December of 2005 and January of 2006 and tested for stability. Eight of these samples were then selected for additional study, including long-term storage tests and blending at 5% and 20% with a number of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels. These blends were also tested for stability. The study used accelerated tests as well as tests that were intended to simulate three real-world aging scenarios: (1) storage and handling, (2) vehicle fuel tank, and (3) high-temperature engine fuel system. Several tests were also performed with two commercial antioxidant additives to determine whether these additives improve stability. This report documents completion of NREL's Fiscal Year 2007 Annual Operating Plan Milestone 10.1.The B100 samples examined show a broad distribution of stability on accelerated tests, with oil stability index (OSI) or Rancimat induction time results ranging from less than 1 hour to more than 9 hours and ASTM D2274 total insolubles ranging from less than 2 mg/100 ml to nearly 18 mg/100 ml. The accelerated test data indicate that if the B100 stability is above roughly a 3-hour induction time, blends prepared from that B100 appear to be stable on the OSI and D2274 tests.The D4625 long-term storage results for B100 indicate that most biodiesel samples, regardless of initial induction time, will begin to oxidize immediately during storage. If induction time is near or below the 3-hour limit, the B100 will most likely go out of specification for either stability or acid value within 4 months. Even B100 with induction times longer than 7 hours will be out of specification for oxidation stability at only 4 months, although these samples may not have shown a significant increase in acidity or in deposit formation. The 3-hour B100 induction time limit appears to be adequate to prevent oxidative degradation for both B5 and B20 blends in storage for up to 12 months.For tests that simulated fuel tank aging and high temperature stability, we conclude that stable B100 (longer than 3 hours induction time) leads to stable B5 blends. For B20, the results are less definitive, but provide considerable evidence that B100 with induction time of at least 3 hours produces stable B20 blends, but the test cannot differentiate between intermediate and highly stable samples for acid number increase or sediment formation under these worst-case test conditions. Additional work is required to confirm this finding and to...

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“…Graboski et al [14] reviewed previous studies and concluded that nitrile rubber, Nylon 6/6 and high-density polypropylene exposed to methyl soyester and D-2 blends exhibited changes in physical properties and fluorinated elastomer must be adopted for biodiesel application. Terry et al [30] examined the durability of a set of five commonly used elastomers in automotive fuel systems in different biodiesel blends (B5 and B20) and the effect of a highly oxidized biodiesel blends on the elastomers was studied. The results demonstrated that it appeared to be compatible with these elastomers, for highly oxidized and unoxidized B5 and unoxidized B20, but B20 prepared from highly oxidized biodiesel shows the potential for significant problems.…”

Section: Wear Performance and Durancementioning

confidence: 99%